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951.
Solidification time and heat treatment are known to have a large effect on the microstructure of cast aluminum alloys. This
study was conducted to quantify how the fatigue properties of a 319-type aluminum alloy are affected by solidification time
and heat treatment. Both porosity-containing (non-hot isostatically pressed (HIP)) and porosity-free (HIP) samples in the
T6 (“peak aged”) or T7 (“overaged”) heattreated conditions were tested. As the solidification time increased, the average
initiating pore diameter increased and stress-controlled fatigue life decreased. Heat treatment was observed to have a large
effect on fatigue properties of the HIP samples. However, in the non-HIP fatigue samples, heat treatment did not significantly
change the fatigue life or fatigue strength of the cast 319-type alloy. The absence of an influence of heat treatment on fatigue
response is attributed to the predominance of the microporosity in fatigue crack initiation in cast aluminum. 相似文献
952.
The thermal evolution of defects produced by ion irradiation is studied by kinetic Monte Carlo and Rate Theory approaches. An isochronal annealing is simulated to evidence the different thermally activated mechanisms that govern defect evolution. KMC simulations show that in the case of ion irradiation, additional recovery peaks should be expected, in comparison to electron irradiation conditions. A comparison between kMC and RT results indicates that some of these peaks are due to spatially – correlated recombinations that occur at low temperature. Therefore kMC and RT approaches differ at low temperature. However, at higher temperature results obtained by both models are in near perfect agreement. In addition, we studied the influence of vacancy cluster mobility on the evolution of damage. KMC simulations show that the mobility of V2, V3 and V4 clusters does not significantly affect the evolution of defects and can be neglected in these conditions. 相似文献
953.
954.
Practical Equivalent Continuum Model for Simulation of Jointed Rock Mass Using FLAC3D 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A simple practical equivalent continuum numerical model for simulating the behavior of jointed rock mass has been extended to three-dimensional using FLAC3D. This model estimates the properties of jointed rock mass from the properties of intact rock and a joint factor (Jf), which is the integration of the properties of joints to take care of the effects of frequency, orientation, and strength of joint. A new FISH function has been written in FLAC3D specifically for modeling jointed rocks using the Duncan and Chang hyperbolic model. This model has been validated first with simple element tests at different confining pressures for different rocks with different joint configurations. Explicit modeling of the joints has also been done in element tests and results obtained compare well with the results of equivalent continuum model and also with experimental results. Further, this has been applied for a case study of a large underground power house cavern in the Himalayas. The analysis has been done under various stages of excavation, assigning a null model available in FLAC3D for simulating the excavation. 相似文献
955.
Mathematical models are developed and used to study the properties of complex systems in just about every area of applied science and engineering. Information on the system being modeled is, in general, incomplete, so that there may be two or more models consistent with the available information. The collection of these models is called the class of candidate models. A decision-theoretic method is developed for selecting the optimal member from the collection. The optimal model depends on the available information, the class of candidate models, and the model use. The candidate models may be deterministic or random. Classical methods for model selection, including the method of maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, are briefly reviewed. These methods ignore model use and require data to be available. In addition, examples are used to show that classical methods for model selection can be unreliable in the sense that they can deliver unsatisfactory models when data is limited. The proposed decision-theoretic method for model selection does not have these limitations. The method accounts for model use via a utility function. This feature is especially important when modeling high-risk systems where the consequences of using an inappropriate model for the system can be disastrous. 相似文献
956.
957.
We show new upper bounds for problems in the W-hierarchy of fixed-parameter complexity. A crucial ingredient of our proofs
is an extension to the W-RAM model, which permits more-powerful operations but remains equivalent to the original. We use
the extended model to give new upper bounds for Subsetsum, Maximum Irredundant Set, and various problems concerning intersection
of finite-state machines. 相似文献
958.
Emergency department status boards: user-evolved artefacts for inter- and intra-group coordination 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Robert L. Wears Shawna J. Perry Stephanie Wilson Julia Galliers James Fone 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2007,9(3):163-170
Large, easily viewed status boards are commonly used in some healthcare settings such as emergency departments, operating
theaters, intensive care units, and inpatient wards. Because these artefacts were developed by front-line users, and have
little to no supervisory or regulatory control, they offer valuable insights into the theories of work and hazard held by
those users. Although the status boards case were locally developed over many years for within-group coordination, they have
also become useful for between-group coordination across organizational boundaries. In this paper, we compare and contrast
the use of such status boards in two disparate settings: a US emergency department, and a UK pediatric ward, and note striking
similarities in their form and usage, despite the large differences in setting. 相似文献
959.
960.
Georgios D. Styliaras Georgios K. Tsolis Chris M. Papaterpos 《International Journal on Digital Libraries》2007,8(1):61-78
In this paper, AssetCollector is presented, which is a system for managing collections of cultural assets. AssetCollector
covers the needs of collection curators towards defining, populating and searching a collection in a flexible way, while supporting
them in generating reports based on the collection’s assets and reusing them in order to build web sites and CD-ROMs. In order
to support the above functionality, the system provides the content structuring subsystem, the content input subsystem, the
search subsystem and the report subsystem. The use of the subsystems is straightforward and requires no technical skills from
the curators. AssetCollector has been successfully applied for organizing various collections of cultural assets in Greece,
such as archaeological sites, museums and published books. In the future, an evaluation procedure is planned in order to further
refine the use of the system according to the targeted users’ needs. Furthermore, more import and export facilities will be
provided, which will make the system compliant with widely accepted standards. 相似文献