Processing Factors Influencing Splitting and Other Quality Characteristics of Canned Kidney Beans

Single factor changes from a standard canning process indicated that significant reductions in splitting resulted from higher soak Ca concentrations, higher soak temperatures, higher brine Ca concentrations, and shorter cooking times. Splitting in canned kidney beans was markedly reduced by soaking beans before cooking at temperatures of 66–71°C in solutions containing 150–350 ppm CaCl₂. Treatments giving lower gain in weight during soaking led to less splitting. Lower splitting was associated with lower drained weight and firmer cooked beans.     

COMPARISON OF FORCE-DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTIFICIAL AND SEVERAL NATURAL FOODS FOR CHEWING EXPERIMENTS

The masticatory performance of an individual has been quantified by determining the particle sizes of the comminuted food. Optosil, a silicon rubber, has been used as an artificial test food in clinical studies, because it has reproducible textural properties. A comparison between Optosil and several natural foods was made by measuring textural properties of Optosil, turnip, carrot, Gouda cheese and peanut. Several types of probes were used to imitate the cusp form of the teeth. Force-deformation plots revealed similar maximum firmness for Optosil, turnip and carrot, whereas peanut showed a larger firmness. The force needed to crush Optosil is much larger than for the natural foods, but it is well within the physiological range of healthy subjects. The reproducibility of the textural properties is better for Optosil than for the natural foods. The particle size distribution of Optosil broken by a testing machine was compared with the results obtained during chewing.     

基于C/S的县(市)级土地利用总体规划管理信息系统的设计与开发——以江阴市为例

县（市）级土地利用总体规划是有限的土地资源科学管理、合理利用的前提,而县（市）级土地利用总体规划管理信息系统是规划动态实施和实时管理的科学保障。以江阴市为研究区,分析、设计、开发了以Ｃｌｉｅｎｔ／ｓｅｒｖｅｒ为体系结构的土地利用总体规划管理信息系统     

吕家坨矿800副山架空乘人器设计

针对吕家坨煤矿井下800副山巷道复杂多变的情况,对架空乘人器设计进行方案选 择,并根据基本技术参数,对其牵引钢丝绳各张力点以及关键件进行受力分析和计算,并介绍了设 备安装及固定方法。     

A unified approach for high and low cycle fatigue based on shakedown concepts

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present a unified analysis to both high and low cycle fatigue based on shakedown theories and dissipated energy. The discussion starts with a presentation of the fatigue phenomena at different scales (microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic) and of the main shakedown theorems. A review of the Dang Van high cycle fatigue criterion shows that this criterion is essentially based on the hypothesis of elastic shakedown and can therefore be expressed as a bounded cumulated dissipated energy. In the low cycle fatigue regime, recent results by Skelton and Charkaluk et al. show that we can speak of a plastic shakedown at both mesoscopic and macroscopic scale and of a cumulated energy bounded by the failure energy. The ideas are also justified by infrared thermography tests permitting a direct determination of the fatigue limit.