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991.
Electronic transactions are becoming more important everyday. Several tasks like buying goods, booking flights or hotel rooms, or paying for streaming a movie, for instance, can be carried out through the Internet. Nevertheless, they are still some drawbacks due to security threats while performing such operations. Trust and reputation management rises as a novel way of solving some of those problems. In this paper we present our work TRIMS (a privacy-aware trust and reputation model for identity management systems), which applies a trust and reputation model to guarantee an acceptable level of security when deciding if a different domain might be considered reliable when receiving certain sensitive user’s attributes. Specifically, we will address the problems which surfaces when a domain needs to decide whether to exchange some information with another possibly unknown domain to effectively provide a service to one of its users. This decision will be determined by the trust deposited in the targeting domain. As far as we know, our proposal is one of the first approaches dealing with trust and reputation management in a multi-domain scenario. Finally, the performed experiments have demonstrated the robustness and accuracy of our model in a wide variety of scenarios. 相似文献
992.
Carlos Valle Francisco Saravia Héctor Allende Raúl Monge César Fernández 《Neural Processing Letters》2010,32(3):277-291
Ensemble learning has gained considerable attention in different tasks including regression, classification and clustering. Adaboost and Bagging are two popular approaches used to train these models. The former provides accurate estimations in regression settings but is computationally expensive because of its inherently sequential structure, while the latter is less accurate but highly efficient. One of the drawbacks of the ensemble algorithms is the high computational cost of the training stage. To address this issue, we propose a parallel implementation of the Resampling Local Negative Correlation (RLNC) algorithm for training a neural network ensemble in order to acquire a competitive accuracy like that of Adaboost and an efficiency comparable to that of Bagging. We test our approach on both synthetic and real datasets from the UCI and Statlib repositories for the regression task. In particular, our fine-grained parallel approach allows us to achieve a satisfactory balance between accuracy and parallel efficiency. 相似文献
993.
Véronique Souchère Laurent Millair Javier Echeverria François Bousquet Christophe Le Page Michel Etienne 《Environmental Modelling & Software》2010,25(11):1359-1370
Erosive runoff is a recurring problem and is a source of sometimes deadly muddy floods in the Pays de Caux (France). The risk results from a conjunction of natural factors and human activity. Efficient actions against runoff in agricultural watersheds are well known. However they are still difficult to implement as they require co-operation between stakeholders. Local actors thus need tools to help them understand the collective consequences of their individual decisions and help to initiate a process of negotiation between them. We decided to use a participatory approach called companion modelling (ComMod), and, in close collaboration with one of the first group of local stakeholders, to create a role-playing game (RPG) to facilitate negotiations on the future management of erosive runoff. This paper describes and discusses the development of the RPG and its use with other groups of local stakeholders within the framework of two game sessions organized by two different watershed management committees. During the joint construction step, stakeholders shared their viewpoints about the environment, agents, rules, and how to model runoff in preparation for the creation of the RPG. During the RPG sessions, two groups of eight players, including farmers, mayors and watershed advisors, were confronted with disastrous runoff in a fictive agricultural watershed. Results showed that they managed to reduce runoff by 20–50% by engaging a dialogue about grass strips, storage ponds and management of the intercrop period. However, further progress is still needed to better control runoff through the implementation of better agricultural practices because, during the RPG sessions, the watershed advisors did not encourage farmers to do so. Because of the complexity of management problems, results of jointly constructing the game and the RPG sessions showed that modelling and simulation can be a very useful way of accompanying the collective learning process. This new way of working was welcomed by the participants who expressed their interest in organizing further RPG sessions. 相似文献
994.
Laura Hollink Véronique Malaisé Guus Schreiber 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2010,49(1):235-257
It is common practice in audiovisual archives to disclose documents using metadata from a structured vocabulary or thesaurus.
Many of these thesauri have limited or no structure. The objective of this paper is to find out whether retrieval of audiovisual
resources from a collection indexed with an in-house thesaurus can be improved by enriching the thesaurus structure. We propose
a method to add structure to a thesaurus by anchoring it to an external, semantically richer thesaurus. We investigate the
added value of this enrichment for retrieval purposes. We first anchor the thesaurus to an external resource, WordNet. From
this anchoring we infer relations between pairs of terms in the thesaurus that were previously unrelated. We employ the enriched
thesaurus in a retrieval experiment on a TRECVID 2007 dataset. The results are promising: with simple techniques we are able
to enrich a thesaurus in such a way that it adds to retrieval performance. 相似文献
995.
In last years, Face recognition based on 3D techniques is an emergent technology which has demonstrated better results than
conventional 2D approaches. Using texture (180° multi-view image) and depth maps is supposed to increase the robustness towards
the two main challenges in Face Recognition: Pose and illumination. Nevertheless, 3D data should be acquired under highly
controlled conditions and in most cases depends on the collaboration of the subject to be recognized. Thus, in applications
such as surveillance or control access points, this kind of 3D data may not be available during the recognition process. This
leads to a new paradigm using some mixed 2D-3D face recognition systems where 3D data is used in the training but either 2D
or 3D information can be used in the recognition depending on the scenario. Following this concept, where only part of the
information (partial concept) is used in the recognition, a novel method is presented in this work. This has been called Partial
Principal Component Analysis (P2CA) since they fuse the Partial concept with the fundamentals of the well known PCA algorithm. This strategy has been proven
to be very robust in pose variation scenarios showing that the 3D training process retains all the spatial information of
the face while the 2D picture effectively recovers the face information from the available data. Furthermore, in this work,
a novel approach for the automatic creation of 180° aligned cylindrical projected face images using nine different views is
presented. These face images are created by using a cylindrical approximation for the real object surface. The alignment is
done by applying first a global 2D affine transformation of the image, and afterward a local transformation of the desired
face features using a triangle mesh. This local alignment allows a closer look to the feature properties and not the differences.
Finally, these aligned face images are used for training a pose invariant face recognition approach (P2CA). 相似文献
996.
997.
Yamine Ait Ameur Frédéric Boniol Virginie Wiels 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2010,12(1):1-7
Nowadays, it is well accepted that the development of critical systems involves the use of formal methods. One of the major
fields where these methods made a lot of progress are the avionics, aerospace and more generally transport areas. Several
methods, tools and techniques have been applied for the development of such systems in different parts of the world, and they
have been actually put into practice during the development of specific aircraft programs. The aim of this introductory article
and of this STTT special issue is to propose a brief overview of the state-of-the-art of current researches in formal methods
applied to the development of avionics and aerospace systems and more broadly to take stock of the integration of formal methods
in the aerospace industry. 相似文献
998.
Rocío de Andrés José Luis García-Lapresta Luis Martínez 《Soft Computing - A Fusion of Foundations, Methodologies and Applications》2010,14(1):21-34
The performance appraisal is a relevant process to keep and improve the competitiveness of companies in nowadays. In spite
of this relevance, the current performance appraisal models are not sufficiently well-defined either designed for the evaluation
framework in which they are defined. This paper proposes a performance appraisal model where the assessments are modelled
by means of linguistic information provided by different sets of reviewers in order to manage the uncertainty and subjectivity
of such assessments. Therefore, the reviewers could express their assessments in different linguistic scales according to
their knowledge about the evaluated employees, defining a multi-granular linguistic evaluation framework. Additionally, the
proposed model will manage the multi-granular linguistic labels provided by appraisers in order to compute collective assessments
about the employees that will be used by the management team to make the final decision about them. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Stéphane Zieba Philippe Polet Frédéric Vanderhaegen Serge Debernard 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2010,12(3):193-203
Unmanned ground vehicles tend to be more and more autonomous, but both complete teleoperation and full autonomy are not efficient
enough to deal with all possible situations. To be efficient, the human–robot system must be able to anticipate, react and
recover from errors of different kinds, i.e., to be resilient. From this observation, this paper proposes a survey on the
resilience of a human–machine system and the means to control the resilience. The resilience of a system can be defined as
the ability to maintain or recover a stable state when subject to disturbance. Adjustable autonomy and human–machine cooperation
are considered as means of resilience for the system. This paper then proposes three indicators to assess different meanings
of resilience of the system: foresight and avoidance of events, reaction to events and recovery from occurrence of events.
The third of these metrics takes into consideration the concept of affordances that allows a common representation for the
opportunities of action between the automated system and its environment. 相似文献