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991.
Wilhelm Dolle 《Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD》2009,33(3):183-188
Zusammenfassung Im Zeitalter der Informationstechnologie und der umfassenden Vernetzung vieler Systeme ben?tigt ein Dieb weder eine Brechstange
noch muss er im Schutze der Dunkelheit vorgehen. Vielmehr kann er über das Internet, oder lokale Netzwerke, kommen und gehen
wann er will, ohne sich der Gefahr einer Entdeckung und Verhaftung auszusetzen. In vielen F?llen ist ein solcher Einbrecher
l?ngst über alle Berge, bevor seine Tat überhaupt bemerkt wird. Trotzdem hinterl?sst er Spuren — deren Aufspürung und Analyse
die Aufgabe des Computer-Forensikers ist. Zur Unterstützung dieser Arbeit existiert eine Vielzahl an Open-Source-Werkzeugen,
die es durchaus mit ihrer kommerziellen Konkurrenz aufnehmen k?nnen. 相似文献
992.
The maximum entropy principle (MEP) is used to generate a natural probability distribution among the many possible that have
the same moment conditions. The MEP can accommodate higher order moment information and therefore facilitate a higher quality
PDF model. The performance of the MEP for PDF estimation is studied by using more than four moments. For the case with four
moments, the results are compared with those by the Pearson system. It is observed that as accommodating higher order moment,
the estimated PDF converges to the original one. A sensitivity analysis formulation of the failure probability based on the
MEP is derived for reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) and the accuracy is compared with that by finite difference
method (FDM). Two RBDO examples including a realistic three-dimensional wing design are solved by using the derived sensitivity
formula and the MEP-based moment method. The results are compared with other methods such as TR-SQP, FAMM + Pearson system,
FFMM + Pearson system in terms of accuracy and efficiency. It is also shown that an improvement in the accuracy by including
more moment terms can increase numerical efficiency of optimization for the three-dimensional wing design. The moment method
equipped with the MEP is found flexible and well adoptable for reliability analysis and design. 相似文献
993.
Solving engineering design and resources optimization via multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) has attracted much
attention in the last few years. In this paper, an efficient multiobjective differential evolution algorithm is presented
for engineering design. Our proposed approach adopts the orthogonal design method with quantization technique to generate
the initial archive and evolutionary population. An archive (or secondary population) is employed to keep the nondominated
solutions found and it is updated by a new relaxed form of Pareto dominance, called Pareto-adaptive ϵ-dominance (paϵ-dominance), at each generation. In addition, in order to guarantee to be the best performance produced, we propose a new
hybrid selection mechanism to allow the archive solutions to take part in the generating process. To handle the constraints,
a new constraint-handling method is employed, which does not need any parameters to be tuned for constraint handling. The
proposed approach is tested on seven benchmark constrained problems to illustrate the capabilities of the algorithm in handling
mathematically complex problems. Furthermore, four well-studied engineering design optimization problems are solved to illustrate
the efficiency and applicability of the algorithm for multiobjective design optimization. Compared with Nondominated Sorting
Genetic Algorithm II, one of the best MOEAs available at present, the results demonstrate that our approach is found to be
statistically competitive. Moreover, the proposed approach is very efficient and is capable of yielding a wide spread of solutions
with good coverage and convergence to true Pareto-optimal fronts. 相似文献
994.
Reliability-based design optimization of problems with correlated input variables using a Gaussian Copula 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
The reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) using performance measure approach for problems with correlated input variables
requires a transformation from the correlated input random variables into independent standard normal variables. For the transformation
with correlated input variables, the two most representative transformations, the Rosenblatt and Nataf transformations, are
investigated. The Rosenblatt transformation requires a joint cumulative distribution function (CDF). Thus, the Rosenblatt
transformation can be used only if the joint CDF is given or input variables are independent. In the Nataf transformation,
the joint CDF is approximated using the Gaussian copula, marginal CDFs, and covariance of the input correlated variables.
Using the generated CDF, the correlated input variables are transformed into correlated normal variables and then the correlated
normal variables are transformed into independent standard normal variables through a linear transformation. Thus, the Nataf
transformation can accurately estimates joint normal and some lognormal CDFs of the input variable that cover broad engineering
applications. This paper develops a PMA-based RBDO method for problems with correlated random input variables using the Gaussian
copula. Several numerical examples show that the correlated random input variables significantly affect RBDO results. 相似文献
995.
Atsushi Kawamoto 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2009,37(4):429-433
This paper deals with the design of compliant mechanisms in a continuum-based finite-element representation. Because the displacements
of mechanisms are intrinsically large, the geometric nonlinearity is essential for designing such mechanisms. However, the
consideration of the geometric nonlinearity may cause some instability in topology optimization. The problem is in the analysis
part but not in the optimization part. To alleviate the analysis problem and eventually stabilize the optimization process,
this paper proposes to apply the Levenberg–Marquardt method to the nonlinear analysis of compliant mechanisms. 相似文献
996.
The design of systems for dynamic response may involve constraints that need to be satisfied over an entire time interval
or objective functions evaluated over the interval. Efficiently performing the constrained optimization is challenging, since
the typical response is implicitly linked to the design variables through a numerical integration of the governing differential
equations. Evaluating constraints is costly, as is the determination of sensitivities to variations in the design variables.
In this paper, we investigate the application of a temporal spectral element method to the optimization of transient and time-periodic
responses of fundamental engineering systems. Through the spectral discretization, the response is computed globally, thereby
enabling a more explicit connection between the response and design variables and facilitating the efficient computation of
response sensitivities. Furthermore, the response is captured in a higher order manner to increase analysis accuracy. Two
applications of the coupling of dynamic response optimization with the temporal spectral element method are demonstrated.
The first application, a one-degree-of-freedom, linear, impact absorber, is selected from the auto industry, and tests the
ability of the method to treat transient constraints over a large-time interval. The second application, a related mass-spring-damper
system, shows how the method can be used to obtain work and amplitude optimal time-periodic control force subject to constraints
over a periodic time interval.
This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air
Force Research Laboratory.
An early version of this paper was presented at the 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Jan 7–10, 2008, Reno,
Nevada. 相似文献
997.
Sunil Kumar Richard J. Pippy Erdem Acar Nam H. Kim Raphael T. Haftka 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2009,38(6):613-626
Probabilistic structural design deals with uncertainties in response (e.g. stresses) and capacity (e.g. failure stresses).
The calculation of the structural response is typically expensive (e.g., finite element simulations), while the capacity is
usually available from tests. Furthermore, the random variables that influence response and capacity are often disjoint. In
previous work we have shown that this disjoint property can be used to reduce the cost of obtaining the probability of failure
via Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper we propose to use this property for an approximate probabilistic optimization based
on exact capacity and approximate response distributions (ECARD). In Approximate Probabilistic Optimization Using ECARD, the
change in response distribution is approximated as the structure is re-designed while the capacity distribution is kept exact,
thus significantly reducing the number of expensive response simulations. ECARD may be viewed as an extension of SORA (Sequential
Optimization and Reliability Assessment), which proceeds with deterministic optimization iterations. In contrast, ECARD has
probabilistic optimization iterations, but in each iteration, the response distribution is approximated so as not to require
additional response calculations. The use of inexpensive probabilistic optimization allows easy incorporation of system reliability
constraints and optimal allocation of risk between failure modes. The method is demonstrated using a beam problem and a ten-bar
truss problem. The former allocates risk between two different failure modes, while the latter allocates risk between members.
It is shown that ECARD provides most of the improvement from risk re-allocation that can be obtained from full probabilistic
optimization. 相似文献
998.
Cameron Talischi Glaucio H. Paulino Chau H. Le 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2009,37(6):569-583
Traditionally, standard Lagrangian-type finite elements, such as linear quads and triangles, have been the elements of choice
in the field of topology optimization. However, finite element meshes with these conventional elements exhibit the well-known
“checkerboard” pathology in the iterative solution of topology optimization problems. A feasible alternative to eliminate
such long-standing problem consists of using hexagonal (honeycomb) elements with Wachspress-type shape functions. The features
of the hexagonal mesh include two-node connections (i.e. two elements are either not connected or connected by two nodes),
and three edge-based symmetry lines per element. In contrast, quads can display one-node connections, which can lead to checkerboard;
and only have two edge-based symmetry lines. In addition, Wachspress rational shape functions satisfy the partition of unity
condition and lead to conforming finite element approximations. We explore the Wachspress-type hexagonal elements and present
their implementation using three approaches for topology optimization: element-based, continuous approximation of material
distribution, and minimum length-scale through projection functions. Examples are presented that demonstrate the advantages
of the proposed element in achieving checkerboard-free solutions and avoiding spurious fine-scale patterns from the design
optimization process. 相似文献
999.
Analysis is conducted for slender beams with a varying cross-section under large non-linear elastic deformation. A thickness
variation function is derived to achieve optimal - constant maximum bending stress distribution along the beam for inclined
end load of arbitrary direction. Closed form solutions are derived for the large deflections that correspond to the various
loading conditions. The analysis is repeated for a beam with optimally varying width (for arbitrary end force) and the width
variation function is also determined. 相似文献
1000.
Topology optimization of structures with integral compliant mechanisms for mid-frequency response 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The purpose of this paper is to present a method for developing new truss-like sandwich structures that exhibit desirable
mid-frequency vibratory characteristics. Specifically, a genetic algorithm optimization routine is used to determine candidate
small scale structural topologies, i.e. unit cells, that may be used in the design of larger scale periodic sandwich structures.
This multi-scale procedure is demonstrated starting with several unit cell topology optimization examples. From these examples
a specific optimal unit cell is selected for further investigation and integration into a periodic sandwich beam. Computational
results indicate that the proposed optimization approach is effective when used to design new structures for reduced mid-frequency
vibratory response. 相似文献