Cross-cultural generalizability of personality dimensions: relating indigenous and imported dimensions in two cultures

The cross-cultural generalizability of personality dimensions was investigated by (a) identifying indigenous Philippine dimensions, (b) testing the cross-cultural replicability of the NEO 5-factor model (P. T. Costa & R.R. McCrae, 1992), and (c) relating Philippine and Western dimensions in Philippine and U.S. samples of college students. Filipino self-ratings (N = 536) on indigenous items were factor analyzed, and 6 Philippine dimensions were obtained. Conclusions about the replicability of the 5-factor model in the Philippines (N = 432) depended on whether exploratory, Procrustes, or confirmatory factor methods were used. In regression and joint factor analyses, moderate to strong associations were found between the Philippine dimensions and (a) dimensions from the 5-factor model in both Philippine (N = 387) and U.S. (N = 610) samples, and (b) the Tellegen model (A. Tellegen, 1985; A. Tellegen & N.G. Waller, in press) in a U.S. sample (N = 603).     

Lessons learned from the DIASTAT vascular access graft

In male Syrian hamsters, short days induce regression of the reproductive system, but eventually spontaneous recrudescence occurs ensuing from refractoriness to the inhibitory photoperiod. Although the photoperiod of 12 L:12 D (12 h light:12 h dark) may act like a short day by inducing the testicular cycle outlined above, it may fail to evoke the increase of circulating concentrations of prolactin that accompanies testicular recrudescence. This photoperiod may fail to induce photorefractoriness, as indicated by the prolonged low concentrations of prolactin in the blood. Herein, hamsters were exposed to either 8 L:16 D or 12 L:12 D from weaning and by 28 weeks exposure to either photoperiod, the hamsters had large testes following recrudescence from a photoperiod induced-regression). Transfer to 8 L:16 D from 12 L:12 D at 28 weeks resulted in a second testicular regression and recrudescence. In a second experiment, the testes of hamsters moved to 8 L:16 D from 12 L:12 D after 29 weeks exposure to the latter photoperiod similarly regressed and then regrew. Serum concentrations of prolactin decreased in these males after transfer to the shorter daylength but also decreased in hamsters kept under 12 L:12 D both groups were usually below those of hamsters moved to 14 L:10 D. These results show that exposure for 28 or 29 weeks to 12 L:12 D was insufficient to induce photorefractoriness, despite the recrudescence of the testes following involution.     

Alteration of the hormonal bioactivity of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) as a result of limited proteolysis by prostate-specific antigen

This paper examines why the law concerns itself with euthanasia. The nature of the right to life and its protection in law is explored. Such a right demands legal intervention to prohibit, or at least control, involuntary and non-voluntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia is not a violation of the individual's right to life as such, so on what grounds can law limit autonomy by prohibiting such conduct? It is suggested that, while concepts of sanctity of life still play a part in the legal debate, fears of abuse in any scheme for voluntary euthanasia largely explain the reluctance of many jurisdictions to follow the example of The Netherlands. Finally, the paper asks whether reform and regulation of voluntary euthanasia are as attractive options as they are sometimes portrayed.     

Enterogastric bile reflux during technetium-99m-sestamibi cardiac imaging

Twenty-six patients with squamous cell cancer of the cervix were treated with i.v. paclitaxel, 250 mg/m2 over 3 h every 21 days. They received steroid, H1 and H2 blocker premedications, and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) support (5 microgram/kg/day). No prior chemotherapy, except as a radiation sensitizer, was allowed. The median age was 50 (range, 36-81) years, and performance status Zubrod was 1 (range, 0-2). Eight (33%) patients had prior surgery, and 22 (92%) had prior radiation therapy. Twenty-four patients were evaluable for response; 2 were later found to be ineligible. Five patients had partial responses (21%; 95% confidence interval, 6-40%), and 14 (58%; 95% confidence interval, 35-78%) had stable disease. The median duration of response was 10 (range, 3-27+) weeks. The responses were within the radiation port (four responses) and outside of it (one response). The median interval from the start of irradiation to the start of paclitaxel in responding patients was 94 weeks, whereas in patients with stable disease it was 68 weeks, and in patients whose disease progressed it was 46 weeks. Eighty-eight percent of the 105 cycles of paclitaxel were administered at a dose of 250 mg/m2 or higher. Granulocytopenia was brief and noncumulative, with grades 3 and 4 experienced by 5 and 3 patients, respectively. G-CSF was used for a median of 7 (range, 2-14) days/cycle. Anemia was mild, with G3 noted in 3 patients, and thrombocytopenia was not significant. Infections and musculoskeletal pain were mild and infrequent. Sensory (14 patients G1 or G2 and 2 patients G3) and motor (4 patients G1 or G2 and 1 patient G3) neurotoxicity was noted. There was no significant cardiovascular toxicity. Paclitaxel is active in patients with squamous cell cancer of the cervix and is well tolerated at this dose schedule with G-CSF support.     

Clinical applications of fundus reflection densitometry

Fundus reflection densitometry or retinal densitometry is a non-invasive technique to examine the visual photopigment kinetics in living eyes. The technique is based on the comparison of the reflected light from the fundus in a fully light adapted eye (when all visual photopigment has been bleached) with the reflected light following complete dark adaptation (when the retina contains its maximum amount of visual photopigment). The technique provides a measure of the density of visual photopigment, its time constant of regeneration, its distribution and spectral characteristics if measured at a series of wavelengths. Fundus reflection densitometry in the human eye was introduced 40 years ago. Presently, it is the only available technique from which direct and objective insight can be obtained into visual photopigment. This knowledge is particularly relevant in eyes where abnormalities of photoreceptor function are suspected. This paper summarizes the current knowledge of fundus reflection densitometry in the diseased and in the aging human retina, gathered over the last 30 years. Considerable improvements of the instrument for clinical purposes have been obtained, and are also discussed.     

Training for and maintaining interviewer consistency with the ASI

A case of an isolated tuberculous abscess of the liver in a 47-years-old woman with a 2-year history of disease is presented. Only 17 similar cases have been reported previously in the literature. The symptomatology of this patient, confused initially with a chronic calculous cholecystitis and then with an hepatic pyogenic abscess exemplify what has been described for this rare disease presentation. A review of the pertinent literature is presented.