The results of systems tests of the 500 kV busbar controllable shunting reactor in the Tavricheskaya substation

The results of systems tests of the 500 kV busbar magnetization-controllable shunting reactor (CSR), set up in the Tavricheskaya substation, including measurements of the quality of the electric power, the harmonic composition of the network currents of the reactor for different values of the reactive power consumed, the determination of the regulating characteristics of the reactor, the speed of response of the shunting reactor in the current and voltage stabilization modes, and also the operation of the reactor under dynamic conditions for different perturbations, are presented. The results obtained are analyzed.     

Heat-transfer device for heating of extended horizontal objects

A heat pipe with total separation of vapor and liquid flows is described. The contruction allows transfer of high thermal fluxes over a significant distance with horizontal orientation of the object being heated.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 62–66, January, 1987.     

用于儿童斜视矫正的微结构压贴三棱镜

针对儿童斜视辅助治疗的色散问题,提出了利用微棱镜阵列组消除压贴三棱镜中的色散现象的设计方案。通过压贴三棱镜平移光线,用微棱镜阵列组进行色散补偿,设计了一个新颖的组合光学系统。阐述了微棱镜阵列组色散补偿的基本原理,并利用几何光学软件仿真了组合光学系统的色散、透过率等光学参数。点列图以及扩散函数图等仿真结果表明,微棱镜阵列对于减少压贴三棱镜的色散有较明显的效果。     

High Catalytic Activity in CO Oxidation over MnO x Nanocrystals

Manganese oxides of various stoichiometry were prepared via Mn-oxalate precipitation followed by thermal decomposition in the presence of oxygen. A non-stoichiometric manganese oxide, MnO _x (x = 1.61…1.67) was obtained by annealing at 633 K and demonstrated superior CO oxidation activity, i.e. full CO conversion at room temperature and below. The activity gradually decreased with time-on-stream of the reactants but could be easily recovered by heating at 633 K in the presence of oxygen. CO oxidation over MnO _x in the absence of oxygen proved to be possible with reduced rates and demonstrated a Mars—van Krevelen—type mechanism to be in operation. A TEM structural analysis showed the MnO _x phase to form microrods with large aspect ratio which broke up into nanocrystalline manganese oxide (MnO _x ) particles with diameters below 3 nm and a BET specific surface area of 525 m²/g. Annealing at 798 K rather than 633 K produced well crystalline Mn₂O₃ which showed lower CO oxidation activity, i.e. 100% CO conversion at 335 K. The catalytic performance in CO oxidation of various Mn-oxides either studied in this work or elsewhere was compared on the basis of specific reaction rates.     

Unfreezable Water in Apple Treated by Pulsed Electric Fields: Impact of Osmotic Impregnation in Glycerol Solutions

The effects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) and osmotic impregnation in glycerol solution on the amount of unfreezable water in apple were determined by means of low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The obtained data were compared with behaviour of pure water–glycerol solutions (sample WG). PEF treatment was applied using a near-rectangular monopolar generator with pulse duration of 100 μs at electric field strength of 800 V/cm. The osmotic impregnation of PEF-treated apple discs was done using water–glycerol (sample AWG) and apple juice–glycerol (sample AJG) osmotic solutions at different concentration of water or juice in glycerol, W = 30–100 wt%. The data evidenced that for the PEF-treated samples the glycerol was able to penetrate successfully inside apple tissue. The state diagrams for WG, AWG and AJG samples were rather similar. It was observed that free water existed only for moisture content above some minimum value. The unfreezable water content was the largest in AJG, followed by WG and AWG. The juice concentration in glycerol W ≈ 80 wt% was found to be optimal for preservation of the texture of PEF-treated samples.     

Neural-Network Prediction of the Low-Temperature Fatigue Strength of Metals

Russian Engineering Research - A smart system for predicting the fatigue strength of metals over a broad temperature range is developed on the basis of a specially trained neural network. The...