Localized Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanowires and Fabrication of High Performance Nanosensors Based on a Single Fe2O3 Nanowire

A composed morphology of iron oxide microstructures covered with very thin nanowires (NWs) with diameter of 15–50 nm has been presented. By oxidizing metallic Fe microparticles at 255 °C for 12 and 24 h, dense iron oxide NW networks bridging prepatterned Au/Cr pads are obtained. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal formation of α‐Fe₂O₃ and Fe₃O₄ on the surface and it is confirmed by detailed high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) investigations that NWs are single phase α‐Fe₂O₃ and some domains of single phase Fe₃O₄. Localized synthesis of such nano‐ and microparticles directly on sensor platform/structure at 255 °C for 24 h and reoxidation at 650 °C for 0.2–2 h, yield in highly performance and reliable detection of acetone vapor with fast response and recovery times. First nanosensors on a single α‐Fe₂O₃ nanowire are fabricated and studied showing excellent performances and an increase in acetone response by decrease of their diameter was developed. The facile technological approach enables this nanomaterial as candidate for a range of applications in the field of nanoelectronics such as nanosensors and biomedicine devices, especially for breath analysis in the treatment of diabetes patients.     

Technologies and logistics for phosphorus recovery from livestock waste

Phosphorus (P) runoff from livestock waste can trigger algal blooms that adversely affect aquatic life and human health. One strategy to mitigate this problem is to install nutrient recovery technologies that concentrate and mobilize nutrients from nutrient-rich regions to nutrient-deficient ones. We present supply chain design formulations to identify optimal types and locations for P recovery technologies. The formulations capture trade-offs in transportation costs, technology efficiency, investment/operational costs, revenue collected from different recovered products (struvite and nutrient cakes), and environmental impact. Our computational framework is used to analyze the impact of different scenarios for market prices of recovered products, recovery yields, and remediation costs. We find that transportation of waste alone (without any processing) can achieve significant reductions in environmental impact at low cost, but cannot achieve economic sustainability in the long run due to the lack of direct revenue streams. Mechanical separation technologies that recover P in the form of nutrient cakes are low-cost solutions that can achieve high environmental benefits and reduced transportation costs, but revenues are also limited due to low values of the cakes. Struvite crystallization in fluidized beds is found to be a highly attractive option under current struvite prices, but economic sustainability is strongly dependent on yield recoveries (which are currently highly uncertain).     

Tunable electrochemistry of gold-silver alloy nanoshells

Nano Research - The widespread and increasing interest in enhancing biosensing technologies by increasing their sensitivities and lowering their costs has led to the exploration and application of...     

A nonlinear geometric approach to power system excitation control and stabilization

In this paper, a unified approach to the design of a nonlinear excitation controller/power system stabilizer for a synchronous generator/infinite bus power system is presented. The approach is based on a form of state feedback linearization, known as input–output feedback linearization, which provides an exact semi-global state transformation that is valid for a large class of operating points of the power system. With this transformation, the terminal voltage becomes a linear function of the control input. The excitation controller/power system stabilizer is then synthesized by using linear controller design techniques. The controller is proven to provide small signal stability and to provide local asymptotic tracking of admissible constant reference signals for a large class of operating points. A procedure is given to tune the controller gains to provide significant damping of the power angle oscillations.     

Requirement-based approach for groupware environments design

Groupware applications have special features that, if they were taken into account from the very beginning, could reasonably improve the quality of the system. Such features concern human-computer-human interactions, i.e. a further step in the human-computer interaction field: communication, collaboration, cooperation and coordination, time, space, and awareness are issues to be considered. This paper presents a novel approach to gather requirements for groupware applications. The proposal is based on a methodology that includes the use of templates to gather the information regarding the different types of requirements. The requirements templates have been extended to include new information to give account of specific features concerning groupware applications. The information gathered is managed in a CASE tool we have developed; then general and specific diagrams are automatic or semi-automatically generated.     

A SIMD-efficient 14 instruction shader program for high-throughput microtriangle rasterization

This paper shows that breaking the barrier of 1 triangle/clock rasterization rate for microtriangles in modern GPU architectures in an efficient way is possible. The fixed throughput of the special purpose culling and triangle setup stages of the classic pipeline limits the GPU scalability to rasterize many triangles in parallel when these cover very few pixels. In contrast, the shader core counts and increasing GFLOPs in modern GPUs clearly suggests parallelizing this computation entirely across multiple shader threads, making use of the powerful wide-ALU instructions. In this paper, we present a very efficient SIMD-like rasterization code targeted at very small triangles that scales very well with the number of shader cores and has higher performance than traditional edge equation based algorithms. We have extended the ATTILA GPU shader ISA (del Barrioet al. in IEEE International Symposium on Performance Analysis of Systems and Software, pp. 231–241, 2006) with two fixed point instructions to meet the rasterization precision requirement. This paper also introduces a novel subpixel Bounding Box size optimization that adjusts the bounds much more finely, which is critical for small triangles, and doubles the 2×2-pixel stamp test efficiency. The proposed shader rasterization program can run on top of the original pixel shader program in such a way that selected fragments are rasterized, attribute interpolated and pixel shaded in the same pass. Our results show that our technique yields better performance than a classic rasterizer at 8 or more shader cores, with speedups as high as 4× for 16 shader cores.     

A parallel direct solver for the self-adaptive hp Finite Element Method

In this paper we present a new parallel multi-frontal direct solver, dedicated for the hp Finite Element Method (hp-FEM). The self-adaptive hp-FEM generates in a fully automatic mode, a sequence of hp-meshes delivering exponential convergence of the error with respect to the number of degrees of freedom (d.o.f.) as well as the CPU time, by performing a sequence of hp refinements starting from an arbitrary initial mesh. The solver constructs an initial elimination tree for an arbitrary initial mesh, and expands the elimination tree each time the mesh is refined. This allows us to keep track of the order of elimination for the solver. The solver also minimizes the memory usage, by de-allocating partial LU factorizations computed during the elimination stage of the solver, and recomputes them for the backward substitution stage, by utilizing only about 10% of the computational time necessary for the original computations. The solver has been tested on 3D Direct Current (DC) borehole resistivity measurement simulations problems. We measure the execution time and memory usage of the solver over a large regular mesh with 1.5 million degrees of freedom as well as on the highly non-regular mesh, generated by the self-adaptive hp$hp$-FEM, with finite elements of various sizes and polynomial orders of approximation varying from p=1$p=1$ to p=9$p=9$. From the presented experiments it follows that the parallel solver scales well up to the maximum number of utilized processors. The limit for the solver scalability is the maximum sequential part of the algorithm: the computations of the partial LU factorizations over the longest path, coming from the root of the elimination tree down to the deepest leaf.     

SOM‐based projection module for mobile displays

Abstract— The development of a compact, efficient VGA projection module to be embedded in mobile devices is reported. The design incorporates laser/laser diode (LD) light sources, Schlieren optics, and a one‐dimensional diffractive spatial optical modulator (SOM). During development, the optical parameters were determined and the relationships between the parameters to optimize the optical specifications were derived. The resulting optimized specifications enable us to manufacture two types of optical modu les as compact as 13 cc and with as little as 10% speckle contrast ratio.     

Access and service convergence over the mobile internet – A survey

Next generation heterogeneous wireless networks are expected to interwork with Internet Protocol (IP)-based infrastructures. Conventional network services operate like silos in that a specific set of services are offered over a specific type of access network. It is desirable for users to be able to roam between fixed and mobile networks that employ different access technologies. Therefore, mobility management with quality of service (QoS) support is of particular importance and one of the driving forces of convergence. Since service providers often provide more than one service to their subscribers, it is important to facilitate convergence of network charging architecture through a common charging framework. One of the main issues of IP-based convergence is security and privacy. This requires coordination of different security policies in diverse networks that have different security levels and capabilities. The business case for migration to an IP-based platform motivates operators to deliver more powerful services for customers as well as a better user experience. This paper provides an overview of converged mobile Internet architectures and their implications on QoS, charging/billing and security, as well as emerging business models for telecommunication services.