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141.
Mohamed Kamel Hadj-Kali Vincent Gerbaud Jean-Marc Borgard Olivier Baudouin Pascal Floquet Xavier Joulia Philippe Carles 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009
The HIx ternary system (H2O–HI–I2) is the latent source of hydrogen for the Sulfur–Iodine thermo-chemical cycle. After analysis of the literature data and models, a homogeneous approach with the Peng–Robinson equation of state used for both the vapor and liquid phase fugacity calculations is proposed for the first time to describe the phase equilibrium of this system. The MHV2 mixing rule is used, with UNIQUAC activity coefficient model combined with of hydrogen iodide solvation by water. This approach is theoretically consistent for HIx separation processes operating above HI critical temperature. Model estimation is done on selected literature vapor–liquid, liquid–liquid, vapor–liquid–liquid and solid–liquid equilibrium data for the ternary system and the three binaries subsystems. Validation is done on the remaining literature data. Results agree well with the published data, but more experimental effort is needed to improve modeling of the HIx system. 相似文献
142.
Mohamed M Ghanem Lori A Battelli Brandon F Law Vincent Castranova Michael L Kashon Joginder Nath Ann F Hubbs 《Particle and fibre toxicology》2009,6(1):21-12
Background
Many polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can cause DNA adducts and initiate carcinogenesis. Mixed exposures to coal dust (CD) and PAHs are common in occupational settings. In the CD and PAH-exposed lung, CD increases apoptosis and causes alveolar type II (AT-II) cell hyperplasia but reduces CYP1A1 induction. Inflammation, but not apoptosis, appears etiologically associated with reduced CYP1A1 induction in this mixed exposure model. Many AT-II cells in the CD-exposed lungs have no detectable CYP1A1 induction after PAH exposure. Although AT-II cells are a small subfraction of lung cells, they are believed to be a potential progenitor cell for some lung cancers. Because CYP1A1 is induced via ligand-mediated nuclear translocation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), we investigated the effect of CD on PAH-induced nuclear translocation of AhR in AT-II cells isolated from in vivo-exposed rats. Rats received CD or vehicle (saline) by intratracheal (IT) instillation. Three days before sacrifice, half of the rats in each group started daily intraperitoneal injections of the PAH, β-naphthoflavone (BNF). 相似文献143.
James D. Hogan John G. Spray Robert J. Rogers Suporn Boonsue Gregory Vincent Markus Schneider 《International Journal of Impact Engineering》2011,38(12):931-939
The dynamic fracture of natural polyphase ceramic (granite) blocks by high-speed impact at 207 m/s, 420 m/s and 537 m/s has been investigated. An electromagnetic railgun was used as the launch system. Results reveal that the number of fragments increases substantially, and the dominant length scale in their probability distributions decreases, as the impact energy is increased. Micro-scale studies of the fracture surfaces reveals evidence of localized temperatures in excess of 2000 K brought on by frictional melting via fracturing and slip along grain boundaries in orthoclase and plagioclase, and via transgranular fracture (micro-cracking) in quartz. The formation of SiO2- and TiO2-rich spheroids on fracture surfaces indicates that temperatures in excess of 3500 K are reached during fracture. 相似文献
144.
Ken Donaldson Paul JA Borm Vincent Castranova Mary Gulumian 《Particle and fibre toxicology》2009,6(1):13
In vitro studies with particles are a major staple of particle toxicology, generally used to investigate mechanisms and better understand
the molecular events underlying cellular effects. However, there is ethical and financial pressure in nanotoxicology, the
new sub-specialty of particle toxicology, to avoid using animals. Therefore an increasing amount of studies are being published
using in vitro approaches and such studies require careful interpretation. We point out here that 3 different conventional
pathogenic particle types, PM10, asbestos and quartz, which cause diverse pathological effects, have been reported to cause very similar oxidative stress
effects in cells in culture. We discuss the likely explanation and implications of this apparent paradox, and its relevance
for testing in nanotoxicology. 相似文献
145.
Mohamed Kamel Hadj-Kali Vincent Gerbaud Patrick Lovera Olivier Baudouin Pascal Floquet Xavier Joulia Jean-Marc Borgard Philippe Carles 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2009
A model for the Bunsen section of the Sulfur–Iodine thermo-chemical cycle is proposed, where sulfur dioxide reacts with excess water and iodine to produce two demixing liquid aqueous phases (H2SO4 rich and HI rich) in equilibrium. Considering the mild temperature and pressure conditions, the UNIQUAC activity coefficient model combined with Engels' solvation model is used. The complete model is discussed, with HI solvation by water and by iodine as well as H2SO4 solvation by water, leading to a very high complexity with almost hundred parameters to be estimated from experimental data. Taking into account the water excess, a successful reduced model with only 15 parameters is proposed after defining new apparent species. Acids total dissociation and total H+ solvation by water are the main assumptions. Results show a good agreement with published experimental data between 25 °C and 120 °C. 相似文献
146.
B.B. Maruthi Sridhar Robert K. Vincent Alison L. Spongberg 《The Science of the total environment》2009,407(8):2894-2899
Conventional methods for soil sampling and analysis for soil variability in chemical characteristics are too time-consuming and expensive for multi-seasonal monitoring over large-scale areas. Hence, the objectives of this study are: 1) to determine changes in chemical concentrations of soils that are amended with treated sewage sludge; and 2) to determine if LANDSAT TM data can be used to map surface chemical characteristics of such amended soils. For this study, we selected two fields in NW Ohio, designated as F34 and F11, that had been applied with 34 and 11 ton acre− 1 of biosolids, respectively. Soil samples from a total of 70 sampling locations across the two fields were collected one day prior to LANDSAT 5 overpass and were analyzed for several elemental concentrations. The accumulation of Ba, Cd, Cu, S and P were found to be significantly higher in the surface soils of field F34, compared to field F11. Regression equations were established to search for algorithms that could map these five elemental concentrations in the surface soils using six, dark-object-subtracted (DOS) LANDSAT TM bands and the 15 non-reciprocal spectral ratios derived from these six bands for the May 20, 2005, LANDSAT 5 TM image. Phosphorus (P) had the highest R2 adjusted value (67.9%) among all five elements considered, and the resulting algorithm employed only spectral ratios. This model was successfully tested for robustness by applying it to another LANDSAT TM image obtained on June 5, 2005. Our results enabled us to conclude that LANDSAT TM imagery of bare-soil fields can be used to quantify and map the spatial variation of total phosphorous concentration in surface soils. This research has significant implications for identification and mapping of areas with high P, which is important for implementing and monitoring the best phosphorous management practices across the region. 相似文献
147.
Yuri Estrin Vincent Lemiale Robert O’donnell Laszlo Toth 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2011,42(13):3883-3888
In this article, we readdress the question of homogeneous nucleation of dislocation loops in the context of nanocrystalline
materials. In this case, the commonly adopted assumption of an infinite medium is no longer valid, and image forces on dislocations
must be accounted for in the analysis. An additional energy term associated with the presence of finite boundaries may act
to promote homogeneous nucleation and growth of dislocation loops. Based on a simplified consideration of a circular dislocation
loop in a spherical nanoparticle or nanosized grain in a polycrystal, energy calculations are carried out to estimate the
activation energy for homogeneous nucleation of a dislocation loop in such a system. Two different cases are considered: (1)
a single nanoparticle and (2) a grain in a polycrystalline nanomaterial. Based on simulations for aluminum, it is shown that
this mechanism may be plausible in both cases, albeit only for small particles and grains in the nanometer range. 相似文献
148.
Patrick Hénaff Vincent ScesaFethi Ben Ouezdou Olivier Bruneau 《Control Engineering Practice》2011,19(1):89-99
This paper describes experimental results regarding the real time implementation of continuous time recurrent neural networks (CTRNN) and the dynamic back-propagation through time (BPTT) algorithm for the on-line learning control laws. Experiments are carried out to control the balance of a biped robot prototype in its standing posture. The neural controller is trained to compensate for external perturbations by controlling the torso’s joint motions. Algorithms are embedded in the real time electronic unit of the robot. On-line learning implementations are presented in detail. The results on learning behavior and control performance demonstrate the strength and the efficiency of the proposed approach. 相似文献
149.
Pavani Kotakonda Izabela Naydenova Robert Howard Suzanne Martin Vincent Toal 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2009,20(Z1):198-201
Holographically recorded surface relief gratings in dry, self-developing acrylamide based photopolymer were used to fabricate
two types of switchable liquid crystal (LC) device. One is an electrically switchable LC diffraction grating and the other
is an electrically switchable polarization rotator. The electrically switchable diffraction grating was characterized by measuring
the dependence of the intensity in the first diffracted order on the applied electric field. The polarization rotator was
characterized by studying the influence of the applied electric field on the twist angle and the variation of intensity in
the zero and the first orders of diffraction. 相似文献
150.