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31.
Mohanad Aldhaidhawi Radu Chiriac Viorel Bădescu Georges Descombes Pierre Podevin 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2017,42(26):16793-16807
An experimental and numerical study was performed to investigate the impact of Biodiesel B20 (blends 20% Rapeseed methyl ester with 80 % Diesel volumetric fraction) and different energetic fractions of hydrogen content (between 0 and 5%) on the mixture formation, combustion characteristics, engine performance and pollutant emissions formation. Experiments were carried out on a tractor Diesel engine, four-cylinders, four-stroke, 50 kW/2400 rpm, and direct injection. Simulations were conducted using the AVL codes (HYDSIM and BOOST 2013). Simulation results were validated against experimental data, by comparing the inline pressure, needle lift, in-cylinder pressure curves for Biodiesel B20 and pure Diesel fuels at 1400 rpm and 2400 rpm, respectively, under full load operating conditions. Good agreement with a maximum of 2.5% relative deviation on the peak results revealed that overall operation conditions Biodiesel B20 provides lower engine performance, efficiency, and emissions except the NOx which are slightly increased. The Biodiesel B20 has shorter ignition delay. By hydrogen addition to B20 with aspiration of the intake air flow the CO emissions, smoke, and total unburned hydrocarbon emissions THC decreased, while the NOx kept the same increasing trend for 1400 rpm and has not quite apparent trend for 2400 rpm. The enrichment by hydrogen of Diesel and B20 fuels has not a significant effect on ignition delay. 相似文献
32.
Viorel Dragoi Eric Pabo Jürgen Burggraf Gerald Mittendorfer 《Microsystem Technologies》2012,18(7-8):1065-1075
Wafer bonding became during past decade an important technology for MEMS manufacturing and wafer-level 3D integration applications. The increased complexity of the MEMS devices brings new challenges to the processing techniques. In MEMS manufacturing wafer bonding can be used for integration of the electronic components (e.g. CMOS circuitries) with the mechanical (e.g. resonators) or optical components (e.g. waveguides, mirrors) in a single, wafer-level process step. However, wafer bonding with CMOS wafers brings additional challenges due to very strict requirements in terms of process temperature and contamination. These challenges were identified and wafer bonding process solutions will be presented illustrated with examples. 相似文献
33.
In real systems, fault diagnosis is performed by a human diagnostician, and it encounters complex knowledge associations, both for normal and faulty behaviour of the target system. The human diagnostician relies on deep knowledge about the structure and the behaviour of the system, along with shallow knowledge on fault-to-manifestation patterns acquired from practice. This paper proposes a general approach to embed deep and shallow knowledge in neural network models for fault diagnosis by abduction, using neural sites for logical aggregation of manifestations and faults. All types of abduction problems were considered. The abduction proceeds by plausibility and relevance criteria multiply applied. The neural network implements plausibility by feed-forward links between manifestations and faults, and relevance by competition links between faults. Abduction by plausibility and relevance is also used for decision on the next best test along the diagnostic refinement. A case study on an installation in a rolling mill plant is presented. 相似文献
34.
Knowledge involved in diagnosis of real complex systems comes from human experts and requires appropriate discrete and qualitative
representation. The large amount of information resulted is difficult to be managed and prepared to enter the diagnosis system
without the help of an appropriate tool. The paper proposes a knowledge elicitation scheme for multifunctional conductive
flow systems under fault diagnosis along with appropriate representation of normative and faulty models. Prototype and instance
manifestations get a semi-qualitative representation and symptoms refer to means-end and bond–graph entities in a new approach,
suited to human diagnostician’s conceptual view. The Computer Aided Knowledge Elicitation (CAKE) tool proposed copes with
knowledge involved in the diagnosis. The case study on knowledge elicitation for fault diagnosis of a hydraulic installation
and the conclusions highlight advantages of the present approach. 相似文献
35.
36.
Alexandru Popa Viorel Sasca Erne E. Kiss Radmila Marinkovic-Neducin Milos T. Bokorov Ivanka Holclajtner-Antunović 《Materials Chemistry and Physics》2010
Heteropolyacids (HPAs) which are included in mesoporous silica, H3PMo12O40/SiO2 and H4PMo11VO40/SiO2 have been synthesized by a sol–gel technique that involves hydrolysis of ethyl orthosilicate. The effect of incorporation of heteropolyacids species on silica matrix was studied by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA), N2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). 相似文献
37.
Viorel Sandu Gheorghe Aldica Raluca Damian Zhi-Chao Guo Hong-Li Suo 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2013,26(2):361-369
We have studied the one-step procedure for simultaneous synthesis and sintering of SiC-doped MgB2 by the spark plasma sintering technique. Two types of composition, one in which Mg is strongly deficient, with the atomic ratio $\mathrm{B/Mg} = 3.75$ , and one in which Mg content is slightly higher than the stoichiometric value, specifically $\mathrm{B/Mg} = 1.87$ , were investigated. The amount of SiC was 12 wt.% and 9 wt.%, respectively. For comparison we also studied the way the deficit of Mg can be compensated in a second process of sintering. The sample with Mg deficit shows that SiC is left almost unreacted but the results are spectacular: the highest critical temperature, 36.5 K, the highest upper critical field and the highest self-field critical current density 6.7×105 A/cm2 at 10 K. In the sample with overstoichiometric Mg, SiC is decomposed, carbon diffuses within MgB2 but the critical temperature is only of 35.8 K and the zero-field critical current density is one order of magnitude lower. The compensation of the deficit of Mg in the two-step procedure is not efficient. The critical temperature is even lower, 35.8 K, the upper critical field is also lower despite SiC decomposition and C diffusion within MgB2 and the critical current density is slightly above 105 A/cm2. However, at low temperatures and fields of order 7 T the sample with overstoichiometric Mg and the sample prepared by the two-step procedure have higher critical current density. 相似文献
38.
Daniel MARECI Romeu CHELARIU Georgiana BOLAT Adrian CAILEAN Viorel GRANCEA Daniel SUTIMAN 《中国有色金属学会会刊》2013,23(12):3829-3836
研究具有相同Mo质量分数(12%)的Ti12Mo和Ti60Ta合金以及当前常用的Cp-Ti金属生物材料在牙科应用中的电化学行为。采用电化学方法,在37°C下,研究样品在人工唾液以及加氟人工唾液(含0.1%F-)两种电化学媒质中的电化学性能,如开路电位、动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗。在牙膏、牙科凝胶和牙科冲洗等方面,通常含有氟化物以防止龋齿和缓解牙齿敏感。观察在两种媒质中所有钛合金样品的电化学行为,结果表明:在两种电化学媒质中,Ti60Ta合金具有比Ti12Mo和Cp-Ti更优异的抗腐蚀性能。 相似文献
39.
Dypingite, a hydrated Mg-carbonate mineral, was precipitated from high-pH, high salinity solutions to investigate controls on carbon fixation and to identify the isotopic characteristics of mineral sequestration in mine tailings. δ(13)C values of dissolved inorganic carbon content and synthetic dypingite are significantly more negative than those predicted for equilibrium exchange of CO(2) gas between the atmosphere and solution. The measured δ(13)C of aqueous carbonate species is consistent with a kinetic fractionation that results from a slow diffusion of atmospheric CO(2) into solution. During dypingite precipitation, dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations decrease and δ(13)C values become more negative, indicating that the rate of CO(2) uptake into solution was outpaced by the rate of carbon fixation within the precipitate. This implies that CO(2) gas uptake is rate-limiting to CO(2) fixation. δ(13)C of carbonate mineral precipitates in mine tailings and of DIC in mine process waters display similar (13)C-depletions that are inconsistent with equilibrium fractionation. Thus, the rate of carbon fixation in mine tailings may also be limited by supply of CO(2). Carbon sequestration could be accelerated by increasing the partial pressure of CO(2) in tailings ponds or by using chemicals that enhance the uptake of gaseous CO(2) into aqueous solution. 相似文献
40.
A combined control technique is proposed to improve the efficiency of an in-wheel motor with outer rotor for traction system. The double excited motor has permanent magnets and field winding as excitation sources. The 'combined control strategy' employed in the extended speed operation is based on an alternate field-weakening technique by negative d-axis current injection and by adequately feeding the auxiliary field winding, respectively. The alternate technique proposed is detailed and the computed results are obtained using 2D finite-element method analysis, and the MATLAB/Simulink package stand by to validate it. The tests will prove the expected speed gain and the validity of the machine's topology. 相似文献