STUDY ON Ni-Cr SYSTEM SOLAR SELECTIVE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY MAGNETRON REACTIVE SPUTTERING PROCESS

1. IntroductionSolar selective thiIl solid fil1us are the key part for solar heat collect'ors. But ll1ostfactories still produced solar absorptive filn1s by traditional tecIl11ology sucl1 as pai1ltillga1ld electrocl1eluical process that nlust result in po…     

FORMATION OF MANGANESE SILICIDE THIN FILMS BY SOLID PHASE REACTION

1. IntroductionThe transition metal silicides have attraeted much attention because of their potentialapplicatiOIl in very large scale integration (VLSI) de.ice[1]. Near-noble metal silicides canbe used as Schottky al1d ohn1ic col1tacts in silicon-based d…     

STUDY OF MECHANISM OF RQ EMBRITTLEMENT OF Fe_(73.5)Cu_1-Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9 NANOCRYSTALLINE SOFT MAGNETIC ALLOY

Rapidly quenching embrittlement (RQE) sometimes appears in Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy (FINEMET) during production process. As a re-sult of RQE the ductility of the as-quenched ribbon drops seriously. The mechanism of RQE has been elucidated in the recent works of current authors. It was believed that RQE is due to the structural relaxation but not related to a-Fe(Si) crystallization. In this paper, the high resolution TEM (HRTEM) method and image digital processing were applied to analyze the HRTEM images of two FINEMET rapidly quenched ribbons with different thicknesses in detail. In the thinner ductile sample, the ordering domains with the size of about 3nm are observed. In the thicker RQE sample, the metastable nanocrystalline domains with the size of 18nm are observed along with the structural relaxation. These domains seem to have Fe3B-like metastable phase struc-ture on nanometer scale. The result indicates that the local atomic ordering regions extend when RQE induced     

THEORETICAL INVESTIGATION ON BY-ONLY-CURRENT ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATION OF INCLUSION FROM MOLTEN METALS

The electromagnetic field under applied AC and DC current in round and rectangular pipe was systematically investigated, then a concept of "equivalent current density" was proposed for evaluating the inhomogeneous electromagnetic pinch force, and the mono-component removal efficiency and the overall removal efficiency of inclusion were formulated. It is founded that flat pipe is superior to round pipe for the electromagnetic removal of inclusion, and DC current can get a higher removal efficiency than A C current due to absence of skin phenomenon. Under usual condition, a removal efficiency of 52% for 10μm inclusion or more than 92% for 20μm inclusion can be achieved by imposing a current density of 3×106A/m2 in a flat pipe.     

HOMOGENIZATION TREATMENT OF Mg-Al-Zn(MM)MAGNESIUM ALLOY INGOTS

The Mg-Al-Zn series AZ31 and AZ31 MM alloys are homogenized at 673, 723 and 753K respectively. The hardness of alloy ingots at different heat-treated states is measured and the micro structures are observed. The optimum annealing temperature is 723K and the time is 12h.     

Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-2Mo-0.2C阻燃β钛合金的蠕变变形结构研究

采用TEM技术研究了具有不同热处理组织的Ti-25V-15Cr-2A1-2Mo-0．2C合金存在540℃，250MPa，100h蠕变作用后的变形结构。结果表明：位错环组是合金蠕变变形结构中的典型位错组态；合金的蠕变抗力随β基本上弥散分布的第二相析出数量的增加而提高。添加微量能提高蠕变抗力的合金元素，如Si元素等，是改善合金蠕变性能的可行途径。     

用振动针-盘试验装置研究贵金属电接触合金中硫的表面集聚

用振动针-盘试验装置研究了金基合金(ASTM B541)和钯基合金(ASTM B540)偶的摩擦与接触电阻。测量分别在控制气氛为1大气压的干燥氦气,干燥二氧化碳和干燥空气,以及没有润滑的条件下进行。在后两种气氛中,振动初期的合金的摩擦系数很高,其后随振动次数增加而降到接近于0.2的稳定值。干燥氦气氛时的摩擦数据更不稳定。合金的摩擦系数对其接触表面的性能的敏感性比接触电阻低得多。在上述三种气氛时,振动开始时的合金的电阻一般都在1-10mΩ之间,随后通常会升高三个数量级,但此过程的重现性差,因为接触电阻波动很大是常见现象。虽然发现了电极化现象,但是由于接触电阻变化太大,以致未能鉴别它的作用。采用扫描俄歇显微镜及氩离子束溅射法,分析了磨痕表面成分及形态特征。分析发现:在三种气氛下形成的磨痕表面都有6nm厚的表面膜,膜的成分为S,Ag,Cu,C,O和Pd,Pd是以碎屑的形式从针上转移来的,表面膜中的S可能是以Ag和Cu的硫化物形式存在。接触电阻升高的动摩擦系数降低都可归因于磨痕表面生成硫化膜。     

Ti-15-3:一种新的可冷成形的板材钛合金

Ti—15V—3Cr—3Al—3Sn(简称Ti—15—3)是一种新的亚稳定β板材合金,用于要求冷成形和高强度的地方。Ti—15—3当初是由美国空军研制的,现已成为某些航空构件的标准材料,同时,在其它部门亦是强有力的选材对象。原始的想法是发展一种经济的、能够冷加工成形的板材钛合金,以便降低加工制造成本,减轻现场维修工作量。这种想法实现了。与必须在手控轧机上热轧的现行α-β合金相比,Ti—15—3合金因可以加工成带材而显示出成本上的优点。如果说α-β合金在大多数情况下还需要热成形的话,Ti—15—3却能冷成形到相当复杂的形状。此外,该合金是可焊接的,可以时效处理到高强度,对盐水等环境比较不敏感。最后,Ti—15—3呈现出较低的方向性,其退火态性能对工艺参数不甚敏感。     

Study on bioleaching of primary chalcopyrite ore with thermoacidophilic archae

A high temperature-tolerating thermoacidophilic archae （TA） was isolated from water samples collected from a hot sulfur-containing spring in the Yunnan Province, China, and was used in bioleaching experiments of a low-grade chalcopyrite ore. The TA grow at temperatures ranging from 40 to 80℃, with 65℃ being the optimum temperature, and at pH values of l.5 to 4.0, with an optimum pH value of 2.0. The bioleaching experiments of the chalcvpyrite ore were conducted in both laboratory batch bioreactors and leaching columns. The results obtained from the bioreactor experiments showed that the TA bioleaching rate of copper reached 97% for a 12-day leaching period, while the bioleaching rate was 32.43% for thiobacillus ferrooxidans （Tf） leaching for the same leaching time. In the case of column leaching, tests of a two-phase leaching （196 days）, that is, a two-month （56 days） Tf leaching in the first phase, followed by a 140-day TA leaching in the second phase were performed. The average leaching rate of copper achieved for the 140-day TA leaching was 195mg/（L.d）, while for the control experiments, it was as low as 78mg/（L .d） for the Tf leaching, indicating that the TA possesses a more powerful oxidizing ability to the chalcopyrite than Tf Therefore, it is suggested that the two-phase leaching process be applied to .for the heap leaching operations, whereas, the TA can be used in the second phase when the temperature inside the heap has increased, and the primary copper sulfide minerals have already been partially oxidized with Tf beforehand in the first phase.     

钛与锆在化学环境中的应用

作为在恶劣环境条件下使用的抗腐蚀材料钛和锆,在工业中发挥着越来越大的作用。本文总结了它们在各种环境下的应用,并根据钛和锆的机械和抗腐蚀性能集中讨论了一些有可能得以应用的新领域。