新形势下消防监督体制改革探讨

阐述了迫切需要推进消防社会化的进程,变"公安消防"为"人民消防"的重要性,建议由设计、施工、监理、检测等单位分担公安消防监督机构的部分职能,提出推进消防职业化进程、发挥中介组织的作用、转变消防监督方法、强化宣传教育等消防监督管理机制改革的新方向。     

Coping with COPA II: Actions to Improve Effluent Quality

The paper outlines some of the actions taken by Severn Trent Water to achieve compliance with consent limits since the implementation of the Control of Pollution Act (Part II) in 1985.
Prior to and since 1985, Severn Trent Water has undertaken an extensive programme to analyse the reasons for failure and carry out remedial work. A major feature of this programme, which has been further stimulated by privatization, has been the need to reduce the lead time for carrying out improvements.
The paper discusses the means by which this has been achieved, including the introduction of the 'fast-track'initiative and the 'process matrix'.
Other aspects are outlined including initiatives to develop more robust processes, computerized work scheduling, extensive training programmes and best practice studies.     

Upgrading the Activated-Sludge Process for Total Nitrogen Removal in Hong Kong

In order to protect the sensitive waters in Tolo harbour (Hong Kong), Sha Tin and Tai Po sewage-treatment works were first designed to remove 70% of the nitrogen load from the sewage. Since then, due to continuing serious eutrophication problems in the harbour, both plants have been modified to increase the removal efficiency to 90%.
The modifications were based on the Bardenpho process. However, the designers of the two plants adopted different approaches to process intensity, complexity and control of bacterial foam. At Sha Tin, the average monthly results have shown an increase of total nitrogen removal from 60–70% to about 80% since its completion. The addition of methanol was found to be ineffective on further enhancement of the denitrification rate due to difficulties in the apportioning of the second anoxic zone. The overall monthly results for Tai Po have also shown an increase in the removal rate to about 80%, even though 90% was achieved for a short period of time. The major problem encountered at the latter plant was that the process design did not provide an effective control on bacterial foaming, which had affected the smooth operation of the process.     

粉煤灰制烧结砖有特色的工艺环节

1964年冬,吉林市砖厂率先用粉煤灰制成了烧结砖,至今已有40余年了.在这40余年里,我国建设了数以百计的烧结粉煤灰砖厂.有些厂生产情况良好,但有些厂却因对原料性能了解不够,某些工艺环节选择不当,给生产带来不少麻烦.现就粉煤灰制烧结砖过程中有特色的工艺环节谈些看法.     

The direct measurement of ppm levels of uranium in soils using high-resolution Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectroscopy

The direct determination of ²³⁸U in various soil samples was done by measuring the 63.3-keV transition from the decay of the first daughter ²³⁴Th. Potential errors resulting from the chemical non-equilibrium of ²³⁸U with its daughters are thus avoided. The method sensitivity is 1 ppm compared to the 35 ppm obtainable by employing the 1001-keV gamma ray. A Ge(Li) gamma-ray spectrometer is the only analytical tool required. Examples are offered that demonstrate the usefulness of the technique for routine, inexpensive environmental monitoring of uranium. The technique also has the capability of providing information on the ²³⁸U/²³⁵U isotopic ratio.     

固始县城镇化道路越走越宽

近年来,地处河南东南边陲的固始县以思路创新擦亮了豫南城镇化建设的“窗口”。固始县以创新的思路实施城镇化,实现了由边陲县城到区域中心城市的跨越。固始县从人口大县、工业弱县的实际出发,因地制宜确定发展模式,不是坐等工业化的发展来带动城镇化,而是以城镇化为龙头,以农业产业化为支撑,聚集、整合、优化县域资源和生产要素、促进城镇化与产业化、工业化相互依托、良性互动。着眼于发挥辐射带动作用,把县城定位在建设山水园林生态城市和以轻工商贸为主的辐射鄂、豫、皖三省的区域性中心城市,并确定了以县城为中心,段集为次中心,黎集、…     

关于型钢混凝土节点承载能力计算方法的对比研究

目前学术界对型钢混凝土节点抗剪承载能力计算理论没有一致的定论,对目前较为流行的两种计算理论进行了初步的对比,分析两者之间的异同。并据此,提出了建立计算理论的思路,以期对建立统一的型钢混凝土节点的抗剪承载能力计算公式有所裨益。     

聚氨酯防水涂料的底涂材料的研制

在实验的基础上，分析了聚氨酯防水涂料配套用底涂材料各组分对粘接强度的影响。实验结果显示，在潮湿基面上使用该底涂材料，聚氨酯防水涂膜的基层粘接力大幅度提高，粘接强度可达0．5MPa以上，满足防水工程实际需要。     

Cost-benefit analysis of the use of TBT: the case for a treatment approach

The current climate of hostility towards the use of tributyltin (TBT) as an active ingredient in ship anti-fouling paint appears to be based on a very biased assessment of its environmental impact. While many national and international regulatory agencies are moving towards further restriction, and a complete ban is under active discussion, a number of factors appear to have been ignored. The economic impact of a ban on TBT when no adequate substitute exists could be substantial. Environmentally, consequences would include a substantial increase in the consumption of fossil fuel, with corresponding increases in carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide emissions; the construction of more vessels; the transfer of ship-building, ship-repairing and ship-breaking activities from well-regulated to unregulated or under-regulated areas in the developing world; and a shift from sea transport to less environmentally acceptable forms of transport. Experience in Europe and other parts of the developed world shows that existing restrictions, where they are properly enforced, are probably adequate to alleviate the environmental damage associated with TBT. Some existing legislation acts to inhibit the search for effective substitutes. The environmental benefits of TBT have been ignored. Little thought has been given to a technical, rather than a legislative solution to controlling TBT inputs to the environment. A method is described for treating TBT-contaminated wastewaters, which has been successfully tested in prototype at full scale. Legislative measures against TBT will do nothing to address the problem of the existing backlog of contaminated material, nor even to permit the IMO proposal for the removal of TBT from all ships by 2008 to be successfully concluded in an environmentally safe manner, since no provision has been made for the disposal of the existing TBT; most probably it will be dumped in environmentally sensitive, unregulated areas in the developing world.