Phosphorus‐containing polyaryloxydiphenylsilanes with high flame retardance arising from a phosphorus–silicon synergistic effect

Polyaryloxydiphenylsilanes were prepared from phosphorus‐containing diols and diphenydichlorolsilane through solution polymerization. With a stoichiometric imbalance in feed monomers, the resulting polymers exhibited moderate melting points and good processing properties. The polymers prepared showed initial decomposition temperatures above 340 °C, excellent thermal stability, high char yields at 850 °C and very high limited oxygen index values of 56–59. The polymers' char yields and their (P + Si) contents showed linear relationships. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

带通采样在数据采集中的应用研究

在数据采集中采用带通采样，可大大降低采样率，但系统中的抗混叠滤波器会造成相位的非线性。采用对滤波后的信号进行带通采样，然后再用FRR滤波器校正相位的非线性，从而不失真地还原原信号，最后在Matlab中进行仿真，验证了该方法的有效性。     

Enhanced Photoelectrochemistry in CdS/Au Nanoparticle Bilayers

Three different configurations of Au‐nanoparticle/CdS‐nanoparticle arrays are organized on Au/quartz electrodes for enhanced photocurrent generation. In one configuration, Au‐nanoparticles are covalently linked to the electrode and the CdS‐nanoparticles are covalently linked to the bare Au‐nanoparticle assembly. The resulting photocurrent, φ = 7.5 %, is ca. 9‐fold higher than the photocurrent originating from a CdS‐nanoparticle layer that lacks the Au‐nanoparticles, φ = 0.8 %. The enhanced photocurrent in the Au/CdS nanoparticle array is attributed to effective charge separation of the electron–hole pair by the injection of conduction‐band electrons from the CdS‐ to the Au‐nanoparticles. Two other configurations involving electrostatically stabilized bipyridinium‐crosslinked Au/CdS or CdS/Au nanoparticle arrays were assembled on the Au/quartz crystal. The photocurrent quantum yields in the two systems are φ = 10 % and φ = 5 %, respectively. The photocurrents in control systems that include electrostatically bridged Au/CdS or CdS/Au nanoparticles by oligocationic units that lack electron‐acceptor units are substantially lower than the values observed in the analogous bipyridinium‐bridged systems. The enhanced photocurrents in the bipyridinium‐crosslinked systems is attributed to the stepwise electron transfer of conduction‐band electrons to the Au‐nanoparticles by the bipyridinium relay bridge, a process that stabilizes the electron–hole pair against recombination and leads to effective charge separation.     

Development of a Continuous Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor and the “Scale‐out” Concept – In Search of Perfect Powders

The synthesis of powders with controlled shape and narrow particle size distributions is still a major challenge for many industries. A continuous Segmented Flow Tubular Reactor (SFTR) has been developed to overcome homogeneity and scale‐up problems encountered when using batch reactors. Supersaturation is created by mixing the co‐reactants in a micromixer inducing precipitation; the suspension is then segmented into identical micro‐volumes by a non‐miscible fluid and sent through a tube. These micro‐volumes are more homogeneous when compared to large batch reactors leading to narrower size distributions, better particle morphology, polymorph selectivity and stoichiometry. All these features have been demonstrated on single tube SFTR for different chemical systems. To increase productivity for commercial application the SFTR is being “scaled‐out” by multiplying the number of tubes running in parallel instead of scaling‐up by increasing their size. The versatility of the multi‐tube unit will allow changes in type of precipitate with a minimum of new investment as new chemistry can be researched, developed and optimised in a single tube SFTR and then transferred to the multi‐tube unit for powder production.     

Panchromatic Chromophore Mixtures in an AlPO4‐5 Molecular Sieve: Spatial Separation Effects and Energy Transfer Cascades

Dye‐loaded AlPO₄‐5 single crystals were prepared by microwave‐assisted hydrothermal synthesis from a batch, containing a mixture of three chromophores (Coumarin 40, Rhodamine BE50, and Oxazine 1) differing in their absorption range, molecular dimensions, and solubilities. Confocal fluorescence images reveal a spatial separation effect of the dye molecules, where the slimmer, more‐soluble dye molecule (Coumarin 40) is uniformly distributed in the body of the single crystal, and the bulky and/or less‐soluble ones (Rhodamine BE50, Oxazine 1) are situated in distinct domains. Visible spectra show good panchromatic absorption of visible light. Fluorescence lifetime measurements indicate the presence of an energy transfer cascade of the entirely fixed dye molecules from Coumarin 40 to Oxazine 1. The transfer mechanism is predominantly radiative.     

燕皮传统加工工艺中碱液对肉糜特性的影响

燕皮是以猪肉和甘薯粉为原料,手工制成的薄如纸且经煮不烂的传统食品。在传统制作燕皮过程中添加山榉灰配制的碱液是影响肉糜品质的关键步骤。通过测定制作燕皮过程中各工序样品的氮溶解指数、持水性、乳化稳定性、pH值和粘度,利用SDS-PAGE分析样品中的蛋白质组分、利用光学显微镜观察它们的结构变化,证实植物碱液能够提高样品的氮溶解指数、持水性和乳化稳定性并且延迟了肉糜硬化。同时实验证明碳酸碱(Na2CO3或K2CO3)可替代传统工艺中的植物碱,为后续标准化、工业化生产提供可行条件。     

有线网络行业垄断性的改变及竞争形势分析

有线网络行业既具有自然垄断性,又具有行政垄断性.但随技术进步和国家政策的调整,其自然垄断性被削弱,行政垄断也被打破.在位的有线网络企业面临着两个层面的竞争：一是基于不同视频传输方式的竞争,二是同为有线网络传输方式的竞争,而后者是直接的竞争.对有线网络行业的竞争进行了SWOT分析.最后讨论了竞争形势下在位的有线网络运营商的应对思路.     

异步DS-CDMA系统中基于矩阵点除算法的DOA估计

针对异步DS-CDMA系统中的多用户环境,本文提出了一种低复杂度的DOA估计算法——矩阵点除算法。该算法通过对感兴趣信息的逐次分离,实现了DOA的逐路径估计。算法具有两方面显著优势:(1)克服了传统的DOA估计算法在路径总数大于天线阵元数时不能工作这一缺陷:(2)避免了计算复杂的特征值分解运算,大大降低了算法复杂度。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

TBM掘进隧洞回填固结灌浆施工的探讨

豆砾石回填灌浆和固结灌浆在引黄工程南干线长达90kmTBM施工中得到成功的应用。文中介绍了引黄工程南干线4^#-7^#隧洞豆砾石回填灌浆、特殊地质洞段的固结灌浆的灌浆设备、材料、浆液配比、压力、工艺等诸方面的现场施工情况。