In Vivo IVUS-Based 3-D Fluid–Structure Interaction Models With Cyclic Bending and Anisotropic Vessel Properties for Human Atherosclerotic Coronary Plaque Mechanical Analysis

In this paper, a modeling approach combining in vivo intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging, computational modeling, angiography, and mechanical testing is proposed to perform mechanical analysis for human coronary atherosclerotic plaques for potential more accurate plaque vulnerability assessment. A 44-slice in vivo IVUS dataset of a coronary plaque was acquired from one patient, and four 3-D models with fluid-structure interactions (FSIs) based on the data were constructed to quantify effects of anisotropic vessel properties and cyclic bending of the coronary plaque on flow and plaque stress/strain conditions. Compared to the isotropic model (model 1, no bending, no axial stretch), maximum stress-P₁ (maximum principal stress) values on the cut surface with maximum bending (where applicable) from model 2 (anisotropic, no bending, no stretch), model 3 (anisotropic, with bending, no stretch), and model 4 (anisotropic with bending and stretch) were, respectively, 63%, 126%, and 345% higher than that from model 1. Effects of cyclic bending on flow behaviors were modest (5%-15%). Our preliminary results indicated that in vivo IVUS-based FSI models with cyclic bending and anisotropic material properties could improve the accuracies of plaque stress/strain predictions and plaque vulnerability assessment. Large-scale patient studies are needed to further validate our findings.     

一种在Kalman滤波中引入径向速度测量的新方法

研究在距离和径向速度测量噪声统计相关的情形下把径向速度测量引入Kalman滤波的新方法。分析了径向速度测量噪声与位置测量更新后状态滤波误差的统计相关性,根据Gauss-Markov定理导出了对应于径向速度测量的滤波方程由此而得到一种序贯滤波算法。两个不同的蒙特卡罗仿真表明,通过采用这一新算法引人径向速度测量,不仅可以大大提高状态估计的精度,而且其估计性能和计算效率优于传统的EKF。     

具有不可链接性的无线通信匿名认证

客户端-服务器认证协议的匿名性指服务器能够认证客户端的真实性,但无法获知客户端的身份。针对认证协议提出了新的安全性需求—不可链接性,该性质是对匿名性的有益补充。对已有文献中的认证协议进行修正,使其在不降低认证效率的前提下满足不可链接性。修正后的方案同时提供身份保护性、不可链接性、双向认证、密钥协商、密钥更新、会话密钥的后向保密性以及客户端的口令修改功能。     

IGBT模块焊料老化状态监测方法及热网络模型优化

焊料老化是绝缘栅双极型晶体管(IGBT)模块内部传热能力退化和结温估计偏离的主要诱因。利用壳温与焊料老化程度间的对应规律构建了两者的量化关系,提出了焊料老化状态监测方法。采用与功率损耗无关的参数对恶化Cauer热网络(CTN)有效传热面积进行表征,提出了焊料裂纹诱导的结温低估补偿机制;考虑温度相关的异质材料导热系数及比热容参量,抑制了温升引起的材料传热特性退化影响。在此基础上,通过对传统CTN模型的优化,克服了传热路径无法自适应配置问题。仿真结果表明,所提方法可有效减小传热退化对模型计算结果的影响,实现对IGBT模块热行为动态变化的精确模拟,且结温估计结果相较传统CTN模型的更为精确。     

Multi-scale ship tracking via random projections

Ship tracking plays a key role in inland waterway closed circuit television (CCTV) video surveillance. Although much success has been demonstrated in the construction of effective appearance model, numerous issues remain to be addressed due to factors such as pose and illumination change, partial or full occlusion, abrupt scale variation and motion blur. In this paper, we firstly inherit the intrinsical merits of subspace representation which demonstrates robustness to partial or full occlusion, pose and illumination variation. A very sparse measurement matrix is adopted to extract the features for the appearance model. A naive Bayes classifier with online update is employed to determine whether the image patch belongs to the foreground or background. Secondly, in order to increase the randomness of the random projection matrix and further reduce memory load, we develop our ship appearance model based on fern features in the compressed domain. Thirdly, we track the scale by enhancing the tracker with a mechanism of feedback. Finally, both qualitative and quantitative evaluations on numerous challenging CCTV videos demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves favorable performance in terms of efficiency and accuracy.     

On singular nonlinearH ∞ control: A state-space approach

A simple state-space approach for the four-block singular nonlinearH control problem is proposed in this paper. This approach combines a (J, J)-lossless and a class of conjugate (J, J)-expansive systems to yield a family of nonlinearH output feedback controllers. The singular nonlinearH control problem is thus transformed into a simple lossless network problem that is easy to deal with in a network-theory context.This work was supported by the National Science Council, Republic of China, under contract NSC 87-2218-E009-026.     

一种面向HEVC的并行码率控制算法

视频通信时通常带宽有限,为了能在规定的目标码率下获得尽可能高质量的解码图像,需要在视频编码时进行码率控制.目前针对HEVC的并行编码以及对应码率控制已成为研究热点,现有并行结构下的平均比特率控制算法受到帧间依赖性的约束,待编码帧无法及时获得与其并行编码帧的实际比特数,因此本文算法通过预测并行帧的实际比特数来进行码率控制,并在此基础提出了自适应调整帧层量化参数补偿值.仿真结果表明,相比已有算法,前者减少码率误差约为3.38％,后者可提高PSNR约为0.204 dB同时减少约0.3％的码率误差.     

基于正交小波变换的图像去噪算法研究

提出了一种基于正交小波变换的图像去噪方法,首先利用离散小波对图像信号按Mallat算法进行分解,然后采用软闽值与小波重构的算法进行去噪。深入研究了小波变换中的图像分解与重构的Mallat算法,详细介绍了正交小波变换中阈值的选取,并进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效去除噪声,并保留了图像细节部分的有用信息。     

多用户MIMO-OFDM系统中的资源分配

该文针对多用户MIMO-OFDM系统,基于最大化信号与干扰加噪声比(Signal-to Jamming and Noise Ratio,SJNR)预编码,提出了实用的自适应资源分配方法。根据各用户SJNR值,提出采用递增(Incremental Algorithm,IA)和递减(Decremental Algorithm,DA)两种方法为各子载波选择用户集合,使各子载波被多个用户最优复用,实现多用户分集,以达到最大化系统吞吐量的目的。此外,基于DA思想,给出了考虑不同用户QoS要求下分配子载波的方法(QoS Decremental Algorithm,QDA)。分析和仿真结果表明,IA和DA在大大降低算法复杂度的同时使性能很好地接近最优算法,QDA能在满足不同用户QoS要求的同时最大化系统吞吐量。     

BP神经网络在异向介质基本结构分析中的应用

为了减少传统数值分析法由于厚度谐振而引起的结果错误问题,实现异向介质高分析精度与高效率的共存,建立基于反向传播多层前馈型神经网络(BP神经网络)的异向介质电磁特性与介质敏感结构参数之间的神经网络模型,对异向介质的基本结构进行分析。实验结果表明,采用量化共轭梯度法的分析时间为145.535648 s,训练均方误差为0.00020679,所得结果与全波分析相吻合,满足工程要求。有效地克服了再次预测过程中提取参数的不稳定性,为异向介质的分析提供一种快速而准确的方法。