经济利益驱动型食品掺假概念研究

近年来,经济利益驱动型掺假(economically motivated adulteration,EMA)在全球范围内时有发生,制约食品生产、消费和管理领域的良性发展,为公共健康带来极大隐患。从公共卫生角度来看,提出符合我国国情的EMA概念并将其纳入食品安全管理,以进一步有效防控食品全链条中EMA事件的发生变得尤为重要。为此,本研究梳理剖析目前与EMA有关的概念,提出符合我国国情的EMA概念及其涵盖的6种行为类型,通过案例分析证实此概念对多种情况的适用性,为保障食品安全、食品质量以及维护食品产业的健康发展提供科学依据。     

非淋菌性泌尿生殖道感染患者支原体培养及药敏分析

目的 了解非淋菌性泌尿生殖道感染患者解脲(Uu) 和人型支原体(Mh) 感染及耐药情况, 以指导临床合理用药。 方法 采用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒对472 例非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU) 患者进行支原体培养及药敏试验。 结果 472 例中阳性153 例, 感染率为32.42 %。其中Uu 阳性112 例(23.73 %), Mh 阳性11 例(2.33 %), 混合感染30 例(6.36 %), 女性感染率显著高于男性(χ²=4.157, P<0.05)。支原体敏感性最高的是强力霉素、美满霉素(96.1 %、94.8 %), 耐药率最高的是乙酰螺旋霉素、红霉素(69.3 %、60.1 %)。 结论 支原体在体外对多种抗菌药物耐药现象严重, 治疗宜首选强力霉素、美满霉素或交沙霉素。     

复合味精研究

提出了用Ａｃｏｒｉｎ（菖蒲苷,Ｃ３６Ｈ６０Ｏ６）,５＇-鸟苷酸钠等作调味品增效剂,组成复合味精的实验报告。在助鲜性能上接近甚至超过味精,而且具有保鲜、增加风味、增加维生素Ｃ和钙质等功效,作为新型调味品具有进一步研究和开发的意义。     

Study of bacterial and fungal community structures in traditional koumiss from Inner Mongolia

Koumiss is notable for its nutritional functions, and microorganisms in koumiss determine its versatility. In this study, the bacterial and fungal community structures in traditional koumiss from Inner Mongolia, China, were investigated. Our results demonstrated that 6 bacterial phyla represented by 126 genera and 49 species and 3 fungal phyla represented by 59 genera and 57 species were detected in 11 samples of artisanal koumiss. Among them, Lactobacillus was the predominant genus of bacterium, and Kluyveromyces and Saccharomyces dominated at the fungal genus level. In addition, there were no differences in the bacterial and fungal richness and diversity of koumiss from 3 neighboring administrative divisions in Inner Mongolia, and the bacterial and fungal community structures (the varieties and relative abundance of bacterial and fungal genera and species) were clearly distinct in individual samples. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the bacterial and fungal population profiles and the predominant genus and species, which would be beneficial for screening, isolation, and culture of potential probiotics to simulate traditional fermentation of koumiss for industrial and standardized production in the future.     

不同包装方式对苹果-蟠桃纸的感官品质和理化特性的影响

目的 比较聚乙烯(polyethylene, PE)普通包装、铝箔密封袋包装、真空袋真空包装3种包装方式对苹果-蟠桃纸在37℃温度贮藏42 d期间的感官品质和理化特性的影响。方法 对苹果-蟠桃纸分别进行PE普通包装、铝箔密封袋包装、真空袋真空包装3种方式的处理,在37℃温度下进行货架期加速实验,对苹果-蟠桃纸在42 d贮藏期内的感官评定、菌落总数、色泽、褐变度、维生素C、总酚含量和抗氧化活性进行分析。结果随着贮藏时间延长, PE普通包装保存的苹果-蟠桃纸褐变严重(42 d时,褐变度为10.39),营养价值损失严重(42 d时,维生素C含量为2.19 mg/100 g),而真空包装保存的苹果-蟠桃纸表面色泽、营养成分、抗氧化活性较好。此外,所有样品中的总酚含量在贮藏过程中逐渐下降,真空包装保留了更高的总酚含量(42d时,总酚含量为3.62 mg GAE/g dw)。结论 真空包装比PE普通包装和铝箔密封袋包装能更好地保持苹果-蟠桃纸质量;在贮藏过程中,所有包装方式的苹果-蟠桃纸的微生物生长繁殖都在安全期限以内(<2lgCFU/g),这表明苹果-蟠桃纸是安全可食用的。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备抗原子氧涂层及性质研究

采用有机无机复合的溶胶-凝胶方法,合成了用于聚合物表面保护层的前驱溶液.采用旋转涂覆方法,将前驱溶液涂覆于聚酰亚胺基片上,制成了表面涂层.将所制得的相应涂层分别进行原子氧暴露试验,其表面形貌的变化通过扫描电镜观测.结果表明,在原子氧辐照下,无保护的聚酰亚胺表面已非常粗糙,与辐照前的光滑表面形成显著的对比.而涂覆有保护层的表面,原子氧辐照前后却没有变化.这表明使用这种有机无机复合的溶液涂层具有很好的抗原子氧能力.     

电解法制备低氧化度铅粉的工艺研究

研究了乙酸铅体系下制备低氧化度铅粉的工艺,讨论了pH值、电流密度和明胶含量对铅粉粒度、电流效率和氧化度等的影响。研究表明:随着pH值的增加,铅粉的电流效率呈现出持续增长的趋势,而粒度和氧化度则先减后增;明胶浓度的升高会使铅粉粒度先减后增,电流效率先增后减,氧化度持续增加。在pH=3、电流密度23mA/cm2、明胶浓度0.5g/L的较优条件下,制备出的铅粉中位粒径D50=5.33μm,氧化度为6.28%。     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米级TiO2的研究

本文以廉价无机盐为原料,采用溶胶－凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥制备了纳米级ＴｉＯ２,并采用ＸＲＤ,ＤＴＡ－ＴＧ、ＴＥＭ技术研究了Ｓｏｌ－Ｇｅｌ过程中溶液的ＰＨ值、浓度、陈化时间及ＳＣＦＤ技术等条件对ＴｉＯ２粒径大小的影响。     

Component Partitioning Under Demand and Capacity Uncertainty in Printed Circuit Board Assembly

This paper considers the problem of configuring a printed circuit board (PCB) assembly line experiencing uncertainty in demand and capacity. The PCB assembly process involves a single line of automatic placement machines, a variety of board types, and a number of component types. The line is set up only once, at the beginning of a production cycle, to eliminate setups between board types. Using this strategy, the line therefore can assemble all different types of PCBs without feeder changes. The problem then becomes to partition component types to the different machines in the hope of processing all boards quickly with a good workload balance. In this paper, the board demands and machine breakdowns are random but follow some probability distribution, which can be predicted from past observations of the system. We formulate this problem as a stochastic mixed-integer programming formulation with the objective of minimizing the expected makespan for assembling all PCBs during a production cycle. The results obtained indicate significant improvement over the existing methods. We hope that this research will provide more PCB assembly facilities with models and techniques to hedge against variable forecasts and capacity plans     

网销市场中驴肉真伪及掺假分析

目的为了保障食品安全和维护消费者合法权益,对网销市场中驴肉(鲜肉和制品)真伪及掺假情况进行分析。方法本研究根据现行行业标准SN/T 3730.4-2013和SN/T 3730.5-2013,分析市场中鲜驴肉(9份)和加工驴肉制品(18份)中的驴源性及马源性。结果 9份鲜肉样品中有4份为驴肉,剩余5份为马肉;加工肉制品中,7份含有驴源性成分,5份含有马源性成分,剩余6份既含有驴源性成分又含有马源性成分。结论市场中存在利用马肉冒充驴肉的欺诈现象,相关部门应加强监管,避免欧洲"马肉风波"在中国上演。