中国能源结构调整的美国因素及其战略思考

作为当今世界头两位经济体与能源消费大国,中美具有类似的资源约束格局,总结美国的能源发展历史经验,特别是美国在能源结构演进的过程中依靠技术进步、产业升级来增加能源产量、提高能源等级,并寻求最大限度的能源自给与多样化的做法的与规律,对中国今后的能源结构优化调整的开展极具参照意义.中美在能源领域存在既合作又竞争的互动关系,例如在页岩气开发我国要与美国有合作意愿,我国应该在合作过程中引进美国掌握的页岩气开采技术,并汲取美国的负面教训,结合我国的具体情况进行吸收和再创新,做好各种配套机制建设.我国的可再生能源和新能源技术的发展必须面对美国的竞争,我国要以强化自主技术创新、开拓内需、改革体制为重点.     

Regulation of nitrogen catabolic enzymes in chick liver -- effects of amino acids

It is well-known that in the chick, dietary protein increases the levels of several hepatic enzymes that are involved in nitrogen metabolism and excretion. However, the biochemical mechanism of this response is essentially unknown. The experiments presented in this paper show that the chick is responding to alpha-amino nitrogen and not to any specific amino acid. Furthermore, it is shown that this system responds to endogenous sources of nitrogen as well as dietary protein and that the xanthine dehydrogenase response involves regulation of enzyme synthesis without changing the rate of degradation.     

智能电表的技术特点和发展方向

随着我国建设智能电网的推进,对电能表的计量功能提出了更高的技术要求,电能表的产品结构和各项功能,也随之发生了巨大的变化.电能表从感应式发展到数字式,从单一计费发展到多费率计费.作为智能电网的关键设备,将智能电表开发成小型化、独立化、一体化、互动化和智能化是当前技术发展的重任.通过回顾电能表的发展简历和介绍智能电表在电网中的重要作用和各项功能,提出了协同智能电网发展的新型电测仪器和仪表的研发方向.     

超声波辅助酶法水解鱼鳞胶原蛋白的工艺研究

采用超声波辅助木瓜蛋白酶水解鱼鳞胶原蛋白。研究超声波功率和作用时间对酶解反应的影响,应用正交设计优化酶解工艺条件。结果表明,最佳酶解工艺条件为:酶用量4 g/L、温度55℃、pH 5.5,在超声波功率为500 W、作用20 min后,继续酶解5 h。在此条件下,鱼鳞胶原蛋白的水解度为25.6%。与常规酶解方法比较,常规酶解8 h水解度为16.6%。说明超声波对木瓜蛋白酶水解鱼鳞胶原蛋白有促进作用。     

贺兰山东麓赤霞珠氮肥合理施用量研究

通过田间试验和室内分析,研究了宁夏贺兰山东麓不同氮肥施用量对风沙土3年生酿酒葡萄赤霞珠生长与产量、品质的影响及施氮肥的经济效益。结果表明:供试土壤有机质肥力、速效氮和速效磷含量较低,而氮素是酿酒葡萄生长发育的决定性指标,对酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质均有显著影响,但施氮量超过450 kg/hm2后抑制新梢生长,产量反而下降。经肥效方程计算得出风沙土3年生酿酒葡萄最高产量施氮量为332.5 kg/hm2,最佳经济效益施氮量为305.33 kg/hm2。     

A predictive approach to nutrient criteria

Violation of a water quality standard triggers the need for a total maximum daily load (TMDL); this should result in actions that improve water quality, but sometimes at significant cost. If the standard is well-conceived, a designated-use statement characterizes societal values, and a criterion provides a measurable surrogate for designated use. This latter provision means that scientists measure the criterion and view violations of the criterion as equivalent to noncompliance with the designated use. However, if a criterion is not a good indicator of designated use, it is apt to result in misallocation of the limited resources for water quality improvement through the TMDL process. This concern provides the basis for our assessment of the national nutrient criteria strategy recently proposed by the U.S. EPA. We acquired data sets for four case studies (Lake Washington, Neuse River Estuary, San Francisco Bay, and Lake Mendota) and then used expert elicitation to quantify designated-use attainment for each case. Applying structural equation modeling, we identified good water quality criteria as the best predictors of the designated use elicited response variable. Further, we used the model to relate the level (concentration) of each criterion to the probability of compliance with the designated use; this provides decision-makers with an estimate of risk associated with the criterion level, facilitating the selection of appropriate water quality criteria.     

Dietary supplementation with purified mulberry (Morus australis Poir) anthocyanins suppresses body weight gain in high-fat diet fed C57BL/6 mice

We present our experiment about adding anthocyanins to the daily food of mice. Three kinds of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-glucoside) purified from Chinese mulberry (Morus australis Poir) were evaluated for suppressing body weight gain of the male C57BL/6 mice fed with high-fat diet (HFD). The results from a 12-week experiment show that consumption of purified mulberry anthocyanins (MACN) of 40 or 200 mg/kg can significantly inhibit body weight gain, reduce the resistance to insulin, lower the size of adipocytes, attenuate lipid accumulation and decrease the leptin secretion. Thus, dietary supplementation with MACN can protect against body weight gain of the diet-induced obese mice.     

两种牦牛绒集聚纱性能的对比分析

探讨两种集聚纺装置纺制牦牛绒集聚纱和赛络集聚纱的成纱性能。分别采用网格圈式和空心罗拉式集聚纺装置纺制牦牛绒20.8tex集聚纱和16.7tex赛络集聚纱,并进行了性能对比测试。结果表明:纺制20.8tex牦牛绒集聚纱,两者毛羽水平相当,空心罗拉式集聚纺所纺纱强伸性能显著提高,条干均匀度略好;纺制16.7tex牦牛绒赛络集聚纱,空心罗拉式所纺纱强伸性显著提高,毛羽明显减少,条干均匀度显著改善。认为:实际生产中,可根据纺纱品种和质量要求,合理选择集聚纺装置和赛络纺工艺,能够纺制出性能较好,质量满足要求的牦牛绒纱。     

丝素肽保健饮料生产工艺研究

以废蚕茧为原料,采用As1398蛋白酶水解工艺,得到丝素肽的低分子量降解物,经过对降解物进行脱色处理,用超滤膜分离出分子量10000Da以内的丝素肽,制成含丝素肽3%、含糖量12%、pH5.5的丝素肽饮料,20℃贮藏达10个月以上无沉淀产生,解决了丝素蛋白的酶解率低、生物效价低等问题,为蚕茧蛋白食品的开发提供一条有效途径。