原位TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料及其力学性能

对原位反应合成TiB2／A356铝基复合材料微观组织和力学拉伸性能进行了研究。结果表明，原位反应生成的颗粒增强相在复合材料基体中分布均匀，基体与颗粒间的界面洁净。复合材料强度随着颗粒含量的增加显著提高，与基体合金相比，TiB2质量分数为8％的TiB2／A356复合材料强度和弹性模量的提高幅度约为28％，TiB2质量分数为16％的TiB2／A356复合材料强度和弹性模量的提高幅度约为35％。复合材料的断裂主要是由于基体与颗粒界面脱粘，在拉伸应力作用下由此萌生微裂纹并扩展，导致界面处的基体撕裂，从而降低复合材料塑性。     

mc-Si:H/c-Si solar cell prepared by PECVD

Hetero-junction solar cells with an mc-Si:H window layer were achieved. The open voltage is increased while short current is decreased with increasing the mc-Si:H layer's thickness of emitter layer. The highest of V oc of 597 mV has obtained. When fixed the thickness of 30 nm, changing the N type from amorphous silicon layer to micro-crystalline layer, the efficiency of the hetero-junction solar cells is increased. Although the hydrogen etching before deposition enables the c-Si substrates to become rough by AFM images, it enhances the formation of epitaxial-like micro-crystalline silicon and better parameters of solar cell can be obtained by implying this process. The best result of efficiency is 13.86% with the V oc of 549.8 mV, J sc of 32.19 mA·cm-2 and the cell's area of 1cm2.     

制备态FeZrBNi/Ag/FeZrBNi三层膜的巨磁阻抗效应

用射频溅射法在单晶硅衬底上制备了FeZrBNi／Ag／FeZrBNi三层膜,对制备态样品进行了磁阻抗测量．结果表明,样品纵向和横向的最大磁阻抗比分别为18％和31％,取得最大阻抗比的频率分别为7和8MHz;在此频率下,样品的纵向和横向相对磁导率比分别达到153％和5117％．这表明掺Ni的FeZrB三层膜在制备态已具备优异的巨磁阻抗效应和软磁性能．同时还分析了薄膜样品的电阻、电抗分量和有效磁导率随频率的变化关系．     

High-performance dispersant of coal–water slurry synthesized from wheat straw alkali lignin

Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g^− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China.     

The deposition of coke from methane on a Ni/MgAl2O4 catalyst

Temperature-programmed reaction techniques and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize coke species deposited on a 5% Ni/MgAl₂O₄ catalyst for dry reforming of methane. The CH₄ temperature-programmed decomposition profiles showed that the ignited decomposition temperatures of CH₄ increased from 273 to 378 °C when MgAl₂O₄ replaced the catalyst support γ-Al₂O₃. The temperature-programmed oxidation, temperature-programmed hydrogenation and temperature-programmed CO₂ reaction profiles showed that there were three carbon species (i.e. C_α, C_β and C_γ) on the catalyst surface. Raman spectroscopy showed that C_γ was graphite-like carbon species, which was responsible for catalyst deactivation. The C_γ species was the most inactive species toward H₂ and O₂, while it was unexpectedly more active toward CO₂. The unique reactivity of CO₂ with different coke specie could be ascribed to the carbonate, bidentate and formate species formation on MgAl₂O₄ surface. These surface species enhanced the oxidation of C_γ species and thus contributed to the high stability of Ni/MgAl₂O₄ catalyst.     

重载圆锥齿轮的自然齿形

从实际生产中冶金重载齿轮齿面发生严重塑性变形的问题受到启发 ,探讨研究了最适合齿轮接触强度和弯曲强度的齿形 ,并分析了这种齿形的形成原理。     

铸造多晶硅中氧的热处理行为研究

研究了铸造多晶硅中不同温度单步退火下氧沉淀的形成规律。实验发现,单步热处理工艺下铸造多晶硅中氧沉淀的形成规律和单晶硅的基本相似,但是在铸造多晶硅中形成氧沉淀的量明显高于直拉单晶硅中氧沉淀的量;在含高密度位错的单晶硅中形成氧沉淀的量远高于无位错单晶硅中氧沉淀的生成量,而有晶界的多晶硅中形成氧沉淀生成量仅稍微高于无晶界单晶硅中氧沉淀生成量。以上结果表明,铸造多晶硅中位错对氧沉淀的形成有明显的促进作用,而晶界则对氧沉淀的促进作用不是很显著。最后,基于实验结果讨论了铸造多晶硅中初始氧浓度,位错和晶界对氧沉淀影响的机理。     

臭氧氧化法除地表水有机物试验研究

本文阐述臭氧化法除地表水有机物的重要意义，实验结果表明：臭氧氧化有机物的总氧化速率受活化控制，影响氧化率的最高显著因素是温度，其次是ｐＨ，接触时间等，臭氧很容易氧化腐植酸，在３０℃，ｐＨ９．０～１０．０，７ｍｉｎ内，ＣＯＤ去除率可达６０％以上，对邯郸热电厂生产处理也取得良好效果，３５℃，ｐＨ７．４～７．６，１０ｍｉｎ内，ＣＯＤ去除率可达６７％，可望将臭氧化水处理工艺应用于电厂水处理。     

氧化铁纳米棒的制备及其在光催化降解水溶性活性染料中的应用

采用均相沉淀法制备了半导体纳米材料α-Fe2O3.通过XRD、TEM等手段对该材料进行了分析.研究了烧结温度、光催化剂的用量、光照等因素对催化剂光催化降解活性染料的影响.并用红外和紫外的分析方法验证了光催化降解效果.结果表明,在适当的用量和350℃烧结并在紫外光照射下,α-Fe2O3对活性染料B-RN蓝、活性艳兰K-NR有极强的光催化降解活性.     

端面型槽广义对数螺旋线的通用模型与应用

为解决流体润滑端面型槽设计中经典型线形状优化受限的问题,提出一种广义对数螺旋线模型,获得了斜直线、圆弧线、抛物线和椭圆曲线等经典几何型线的广义螺旋线表达式,掌握了不同参数条件下广义对数螺旋线的几何共性及演变规律。以气体推力轴承为例,对比分析了高速条件下广义螺旋角的分布规律和变化幅值对推力轴承承载性能的影响规律,结果表明:广义对数螺旋线具有很强的几何表征能力,从外径至内径侧流道渐扩的广义对数螺旋槽端面具有最大的气膜承载力。