Brefeldin A inhibits cell-free, de novo synthesis of poliovirus

Brefeldin A (BFA), an inhibitor of intracellular vesicle-dependent secretory transport, is a potent inhibitor of poliovirus RNA replication in infected cells. We have determined that the unknown mechanism of BFA inhibition of replication is reproduced in the cell-free poliovirus translation, replication, and encapsidation system. Furthermore, we provide evidence suggesting that the cellular mechanism targeted by BFA, the GTP-dependent synthesis of secretory transport vesicles, may be involved in viral RNA replication in the system via a soluble cellular GTP-binding and -hydrolyzing activity. This activity is related to the ARF (ADP-ribosylation factor) family of GTP-binding proteins. ARFs are required for the formation of several classes of secretory vesicles, and some family members are indirectly inactivated by BFA. Peptides that function as competitive inhibitors of ARF activity in cell-free transport systems also inhibit poliovirus RNA replication, and this inhibitory effect can be countered by the addition of exogenous ARF. We suggest that BFA inhibition of replication is diagnostic of a requirement for ARF activity in the cell-free system.     

Broadband multimedia applications using ATM networks:high-performance computing, high-capacity storage, and high-speedcommunication

The authors discuss the classification of a large variety of multimedia communication applications (with the emphasis on broadband and hypermedia applications), the requirements at network levels, multimedia communications concepts with suitable platforms, and the modular standardization of multimedia teleservices and the corresponding technical systems. Appropriate technologies for meeting multimedia requirements comprise public and private networks, servers for information storage and processing, intelligent user and system agents, and multimedia terminals, e.g., workstations. The authors deal with the question of service-specific or service-integrated networks, the architecture, components, and functions of asynchronous transfer model (ATM) switching systems for broadband ISDN and ATM-based signaling, and management for controlling connectivity and interactivity. Network evolution, pilot applications, and coordinated standardization are briefly considered     

Erweiterung des Stadions Innsbruck “Tivoli Neu” für die Fußballeuropameisterschaft 2008

Stadium Innsbruck “Tivoli Neu” extended for the European Football Championship 2008. Austria and Switzerland are the hosts of the European Football Championship EURO 2008. Each of both countries needs four stadiums with at least 30000 spectator seats. Innsbruck had a facility with a capacity of nearly 15000 seats. This existing stadium “Tivoli Neu” has therefore to be extended. The community of Innsbruck requests, that after the Championship the stadium has to be reconstructed into the original state.