Illusion—creating a mock reality

Photorealistic computer animation sequences have become more important in recent years in visualization and presentation techniques as well as in fine arts. Some aspects of creating a photorealistic computer animation are demonstrated by the following example of the film Illusion that was created by the computer graphics team at the University of Karlsruhe. An overview of modelling methods, some special effects and details on how to administrate a large computer animation project are presented.     

Untersuchungen zu Mesityldimethylhalogensilanen als Schutzgruppenreagenzien für Alkohole

Investigation on Mesityldimethylhalosilanes as Protectiv Reagents for Alcohols The use of mesityldimethylhalosilanes as protecting reagents for steroid alcohols was investigated. The resistance of the obtained silyl ethers was tested in various media. The reaction pathway of the acidic hydrolyses of the silyl ethers is explained.     

Two new Protecting Groups for the Guanidino Function of arginine

Two new synthons, Fmoc-L-Arg(biphenyl-4-sulphonyl)-OH ( 8 ) and Fmoc-Arg(4-methoxy-3-t-butylbenzenesulphonyl)-OH ( 14 ), are prepared for the synthesis of arginine-containing peptides. These groups are cleaved by commonly employed trifluoroacetic acid and methanesulphonic acid. Kinetic studies reveal that extended bicyclic aromatic conjugation, as in biphenyl, slightly improves the acid lability compared to the electron-donating t-butyl group.     

Photochlorierung und metallorganische Folgereaktionen eines verzweigten Poly(carbosilans)

Photochlorination and Metalorganic Following Reactions of a Cross-linked Poly(carbosilane) The synthesis of a perchlorinated cross-linked poly(carbosilane) of the general composition [(Cl₂Si)_1,5(SiCl) (CCl₂)₃]_x ( II ) was achieved through the photochlorination of [(Cl₂Si)_1,5(SiCl)(CH₂)₃]_x ( I ). The perchlorinated product was investigated by elemental analysis and spectroscopic methods. Furthermore the permethylated and perphenylated compounds [(Me₂Si)_1,5(SiMe)(CMe₂)₃]_x ( III ) and [(Ph₂Si)_1,5(SiPh)(CPh₂)₃]_x ( IV ) were synthesized by reactions with methyl- and phenyllithium. The products obtained were characterized by elemental analysis and ¹H, ¹³C, ²⁹Si NMR and IR spectroscopy. The number and weight averages M_n and M_w were determined by gel permeation chromatography.     

Modified SDM Model for the Calculation of shaped charge hole profiles

Shaped charge craters can be calculated in regards to depth and diameter profile using the SDM model named after Simon, DiPersio, and Merendino(³). Crater profiles calculated using the SDM formulae exhibit a systematic deviation if compared with test data from firings of certain MBB (now DASA) shaped charges into RHA. The calculated craters feature a significantly more trumpet-shaped profile than the measured holes in RHA This phenomenon is caused, at least partly, by the assumption in the SDM model that the break-up time and the jet diameter after break-up are constant. Radiographs of particulated jets provide evidence that the diameter is generally not constant, rather increases from tip to tail. The evaluation of such radiographs also leads to the conclusion of variable break-up times. Changing those two assumptions a modified set of SDM formulae was developed so that calculated and experimental crater profiles are in better agreement for the above mentioned MBB shaped charges.     

二维机读ID质量的要素

现在,几乎所有产品都需要有唯一的ID（身份证明）用以跟踪,这一用途的标签通常是由自动的在线系统印出的。Code 39码和Code 128码作为标识产品ID的条形码已经使用很多年了,然而,当今技术的发展和质量管理的需求不可避免的对产品ID提出了更高的要求,有以下三方面的因素需要考虑。     

Untersuchungen zur Amylosebestimmung in proteinreichen Stärkerohstoffen,insbesondere Erbsen

Investigations on the Amylose Determination in High Protein Starch Source Materials, Especially Peas. The proposed utilization of amylose rich starches requires different methods of amylose determination. In addition to laboratory methods also simple tests are important to that. Because the discussed legume starches are hardly investigated, first of all the suitability of the amperometric iodine titration had to be checked. Then a more easier work was described. In the case of routine analyses a modified test procedure was compared with the method of iodine titration.     

SOAT1: A Suitable Target for Therapy in High-Grade Astrocytic Glioma?

Targeting molecular alterations as an effective treatment for isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype glioblastoma (GBM) patients has not yet been established. Sterol-O-Acyl Transferase 1 (SOAT1), a key enzyme in the conversion of endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol to esters for storage in lipid droplets (LD), serves as a target for the orphan drug mitotane to treat adrenocortical carcinoma. Inhibition of SOAT1 also suppresses GBM growth. Here, we refined SOAT1-expression in GBM and IDH-mutant astrocytoma, CNS WHO grade 4 (HGA), and assessed the distribution of LD in these tumors. Twenty-seven GBM and three HGA specimens were evaluated by multiple GFAP, Iba1, IDH1 R132H, and SOAT1 immunofluorescence labeling as well as Oil Red O staining. To a small extent SOAT1 was expressed by tumor cells in both tumor entities. In contrast, strong expression was observed in glioma-associated macrophages. Triple immunofluorescence labeling revealed, for the first time, evidence for SOAT1 colocalization with Iba1 and IDH1 R132H, respectively. Furthermore, a notable difference in the amount of LD between GBM and HGA was observed. Therefore, SOAT1 suppression might be a therapeutic option to target GBM and HGA growth and invasiveness. In addition, the high expression in cells related to neuroinflammation could be beneficial for a concomitant suppression of protumoral microglia/macrophages.     

Comparison of RRR-α- and all-rac-α-tocopherol uptake by permanent rat skeletal muscle myoblasts (L6 cells): Effects of exogenous lipoprotein lipase

The purpose of the present investigation was to test whether permanent skeletal muscle cells (rat L6 cells) could serve as an in vitro model for α-tocopherol (αTocH) biodiscrimination studies. L6 cells were incubated in the presence of high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) labeled in the lipid moiety with either all-rac-or RRR-[¹⁴C]αTocH. These incubations were performed either in the absence or in the presence of exogenously added bovine lipoprotein lipase (LPL) since skeletal muscle is one of the major expression sites of LPL in vivo. Time-dependent uptake studies (up to 24 h) in the absence of LPL have shown that equipotent doses of all-rac- and RRR-[¹⁴C]αTocH (1.36∶1) led to almost identical accumulation of the tracer, independent of the lipoprotein class used as αTocH carrier. With regard to αTocH donor capacity, it appeared that HDL is the most potent αTocH donor, followed by LDL and VLDL. In the presence of LPL, all-rac- and RRR-[¹⁴C]αTocH uptake was significantly enhanced (between two- and tenfold). Biodiscrimination studies using chiral high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis with radiometric detection of the corresponding methyl ether derivatives on a Chiralcel OD column have demonstrated that the 2S-and 2R-isomers of αTocH were taken up in a 1∶1 ratio by L6 cells independent of the absence or presence of LPL. In addition, we have not observed biodiscrimination between the four 2R-isomers, i.e., there was no preferential accumulation of the RRR-isomer. These data suggest that L6 cells do not discriminate between different αTocH isomers and that the addition of endogenous LPL significantly enhances the uptake of RRR- and all-rac-αTocH.