Ontogenetic Variation in Macrocyclic and Hemicyclic Poplar Rust Fungi

Melampsora larici-populina (Mlp), M. medusae (Mmed), M. magnusiana (Mmag), and M. pruinosae (Mpr) are epidemic rust fungi in China. The first two are macrocyclic rust fungi distributed in temperate humid environments. The latter two are hemicyclic rusts, mainly distributed in arid and semi-arid areas. Ontogenetic variation that comes with this arid-resistance is of great interest—and may help us predict the influence of a warmer, drier, climate on fungal phylogeny. To compare the differences in the life history and ontogeny between the two types of rust, we cloned mating type genes, STE3.4 and STE3.3 using RACE-smart technology. Protein structures, functions, and mutant loci were compared across each species. We also used microscopy to compare visible cytological differences at each life stage for the fungal species, looking for variation in structure and developmental timing. Quantitative PCR technology was used to check the expression of nuclear fusion and division genes downstream of STE3.3 and STE3.4. Encoding amino acids of STE3.3 and STE3.4 in hemicyclic rusts are shorter than these in the macrocyclic rusts. Both STE3.3 and STE3.4 interact with a protein kinase superfamily member {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"EGG12818","term_id":"328863719","term_text":"EGG12818"}}EGG12818 and an E3 ubiquitin protein ligase {"type":"entrez-protein","attrs":{"text":"EGG09709","term_id":"328860604","term_text":"EGG09709"}}EGG09709 directly, and activating G-beta conformational changes. The mutation at site 74th amino acid in the conserved transmembrane domain of STE3.3 ascribes to a positive selection, in which alanine (Ala) is changed to phenylalanine (Phe) in hemicyclic rusts, and a mutation with Tyr lost at site 387th in STE3.4, where it is the binding site for β-D-Glucan. These mutants are speculated corresponding to the insensitivity of hemicyclic rust pheromone receptors to interact with MFa pheromones, and lead to Mnd1 unexpressed in teliospora, and they result in the diploid nuclei division failure and the sexual stage missing in the life cycle. A Phylogenic tree based on STE3.4 gene suggests these two rust types diverged about 14.36 million years ago. Although these rusts share a similar uredia and telia stage, they show markedly different wintering strategies. Hemicyclic rusts overwinter in the poplar buds endophytically, their urediniospores developing thicker cell walls. They form haustoria with a collar-like extrahaustorial membrane neck and induce host thickened callose cell walls, all ontogenetic adaptations to arid environments.     

重解大学校园外部空间环境标识系统

该文通过分析标识信息栽体的类型,提出广义标识的概念,并揭示了其在形成校园意向中的重要作用.再此基础上,将校园标识系统分为四大类,进一步探讨了其设计原则.     

Identification and Functional Analysis of Key Autophosphorylation Residues of Arabidopsis Senescence Associated Receptor-like Kinase

Reversible protein phosphorylation mediated by protein kinases and phosphatases plays important roles in the regulation of leaf senescence. We previously reported that the senescence-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase AtSARK autophosphorylates on both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues and functions as a positive regulator of Arabidopsis leaf senescence; the senescence-suppressed protein phosphatase SSPP interacts with and dephosphorylates the cytoplasmic domain of AtSARK, thereby negatively regulating leaf senescence. Here, 27 autophosphorylation residues of AtSARK were revealed by mass spectrometry analysis, and six of them, including two Ser, two Thr, and two Tyr residues, were further found to be important for the biological functions of AtSARK. All site-directed mutations of these six residues that resulted in decreased autophosphorylation level of AtSARK could significantly inhibit AtSARK-induced leaf senescence. In addition, mutations mimicking the dephosphorylation form of Ser384 (S384A) or the phosphorylation form of Tyr413 (Y413E) substantially reduced the interaction between AtSARK and SSPP. All results suggest that autophosphorylation of AtSARK is essential for its functions in promoting leaf senescence. The possible roles of S384 and Y413 residues in fine-tuning the interaction between AtSARK and SSPP are discussed herein.     

伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿孔斜防控实践分析

近年来在新疆伊犁盆地施工的砂岩型铀矿钻孔孔深大多在600~1000 m之间,钻孔终孔测井平均偏斜距在28 m左右,孔斜控制是影响伊犁矿区钻孔成孔质量的主要技术难题。伊犁盆地钻探施工多采用普通取心钻进工艺,成孔的钻杆与孔壁间的环状空间大,盆地内复杂地层引起的钻孔扩径现象普遍。普通取心钻进钻杆刚度小,钻杆在孔内转动时甩动弯曲幅度大,是导致孔斜控制困难的主要影响因素。中深孔钻孔偏斜距较大,影响地质成果质量和钻探经济效益。通过设计适合在伊犁盆地复杂地层内使用的扶正器并优化钻具组合,使伊犁盆地试验区内施工的中深孔平均偏斜距得到了大幅度的下降,该技术方案对同类型钻孔施工具有一定的借鉴性。     

HPLC法测定绞股蓝中5种皂苷成分的含量

目的:HPLC法比较不同地区绞股蓝中人参皂苷Rb1、Rb3、Rd和绞股蓝皂苷XLIX、XVII的含量。方法:采用Shimpack C18（4.6mm×250mm,5μm）色谱柱,流动相为乙腈和水,流速为0.8m L·min-1,检测波长为203nm,柱温为25℃。结果:采自陕西沣峪口的绞股蓝样品中人参皂苷Rb1、Rb3和Rd的含量最高,约为1.625%,1.776%,0.892%;云南普洱样品所含的绞股蓝皂苷XLIX最高,约为1.75%;重庆北碚区-1的样品中XVII的含量最高,约为1.063%。结论:各地区绞股蓝样品中皂苷含量差异很大。      

生食金枪鱼肉冷藏过程鲜度的变化

对解冻生食黄鳍金枪鱼肉0、2、4、6、8℃冷藏过程中鲜度变化展开系统研究,以K值小于20%确定各冷藏温度下生食终点,冷藏过程中采用K值、p H等指标评价品质,获得生食金枪鱼肉冷藏品质变化规律。生食黄鳍金枪鱼肉冷藏过程ATP关联物中ATP快速下降,ADP、AMP缓慢下降,IMP有累积趋势,Hx R蓄积量较大,为Hx R生成型鱼种。p H在生食期间没有显著差异,对鲜度高的生食生鱼片品质不适合采用p H判断鲜度间的小差异。建立生食金枪鱼肉冷藏K值随时间变化规律的动力学模型,模型符合一级动力学反应方程。冷藏温度对反应速率常数的影响用Arrhenius方程描述,有较高的拟合精度。      

The Effect of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton (Zingiberaceae) Extract on Prion Propagation in Cell-Based and Animal Models

Prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders in humans and animals for which no therapies are currently available. Here, we report that Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton (Zingiberaceae) (CpV) extract was partly effective in decreasing prion aggregation and propagation in both in vitro and in vivo models. CpV extract inhibited self-aggregation of recombinant prion protein (PrP) in a test tube assay and decreased the accumulation of scrapie PrP (PrP^Sc) in ScN2a cells, a cultured neuroblastoma cell line with chronic prion infection, in a concentration-dependent manner. CpV extract also modified the course of the disease in mice inoculated with mouse-adapted scrapie prions, completely preventing the onset of prion disease in three of eight mice. Biochemical and neuropathological analyses revealed a statistically significant reduction in PrP^Sc accumulation, spongiosis, astrogliosis, and microglia activation in the brains of mice that avoided disease onset. Furthermore, PrP^Sc accumulation in the spleen of mice was also reduced. CpV extract precluded prion infection in cultured cells as demonstrated by the modified standard scrapie cell assay. This study suggests that CpV extract could contribute to investigating the modulation of prion propagation.     

基于改进灰色可拓关联法的煤层顶板砂岩富水性评价

针对煤层顶板砂岩局部富水性强并影响矿井作业环境与生产安全的问题,在修正分辨系数ρ的基础上,改进了传统的灰色可拓关联法,选取含水层厚度、脆塑性厚度比、岩芯采取率和断层分维数4个指标作为评价因子,对孙疃矿区10煤层顶板富水性进行了分区评价。结果表明：采用方差法对关联度中分辨系数ρ进行改进,能够有效避免分辨系数ρ取值不同造成的干扰;基于可拓物元模型与改进的灰色关联度分析法,将研究区顶板砂岩富水性划分为弱、较弱、中等与强4个等级,其中弱、较弱富水性区比中等、强富水性区分布广且面积大,整体上南部比北部弱。分区结果与物探、抽水试验成果一致,说明采用本方法所建立的计算模型具有一定的实用性。     

单增李斯特菌非可培养状态的诱导与PMA-qPCR检测

在9%（w/v）NaCl条件下,通过温度、pH两种因素诱导一株单增李斯特菌进入\