基于单片机的智能刹车控制系统设计与实现

为了避免误把油门当刹车的操作,减少交通事故发生率,设计实现了基于单片机的智能刹车控制系统;系统以STC89C58RD+单片机为核心,首先对踏板的加速信号进行采集,经循环判定阈值方法处理后输出信号,一部分输入到STC13C4053AD产生PWM信号驱动直流电机,另一部分输入RT13864M和ISD35130,模拟感官效果,并给出了系统的硬件电路和软件设计流程;测试证明,该系统能够对误踩油门进行有效控制,这对减少和避免交通事故,保障行车安全具有非常重要的现实意义和应用价值。     

基于多信息融合技术的智能汽车防盗报警系统研究与设计

为完善汽车的防盗系统,提出研制的智能汽车防盗报警器是在ARM嵌入式系统的基础上,利用Dempster--Sharer证据理论融合密码识别、加速度传感、GPS全球定位信息,判断车辆的安全状况,再将车况信息通过GPRS无线通信网络发送到车主手机。实验室测试表明,系统实现了监控基本功能并满足实时性,增强了汽车安全性和智能报警性。     

白蚁提取液急性毒性及致突变性研究

本文采用大,小鼠急性经口毒性试验、Ａｍｅｓ试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验及小鼠精子畸变试验对白蚁提取液的毒理学安全性进行了研究,结果表明,白蚁提取液大,小鼠急性经口ＬＤ５０均大于１０ｇ／ｋｇ体重,属“实际无毒”：体内（包括体细胞和生殖细胞）、体外致突变性试验系统均未检出其致突性。     

佛手凉果加工过程中功能性成分与抗氧化性分析

佛手凉果是具有功能特性的岭南特色凉果品种,探究佛手凉果制作过程中功能性成分及其体外抗氧化活性变化规律,可为佛手凉果产业工艺优化与改良提供依据。结果表明,加工提高了佛手中总酸、多糖、黄酮和膳食纤维含量,导致多酚含量下降。制作过程中,1,1－二苯基－2－三硝基苯(DPPH)自由基、2,20 -联氮- 2 -三硝基苯肼(ABTS)自由基清除能力和铁离子还原抗氧化能力(Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power, FRAP)呈现先下降后上升的趋势,效果分别是新鲜佛手的1.35倍、1.57倍和2.16倍。总黄酮与FRAP之间呈现极显著相关性(P＜0.01);与DPPH、ABTS呈显著相关性(P＜0.05);有机酸、总多糖分别与ABTS和FRAP之间相关性(P＜0.05)。为此,在佛手凉果的制作过程中,糖制和干燥工艺对功能性成分的转化与浓缩起关键作用,可作为工艺优化的重点。     

Surface Control and Electrical Tuning of MXene Electrode for Flexible Self-Powered Human–Machine Interaction

MXene materials emerge as promising candidates for energy harvesting and storage application. In this study, the effect of the surface chemistry on the work function of MXenes, which determines the performance of MXene-based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), is elucidated. First-principles calculations reveal that the surface functional group greatly influences MXene work function:  OH termination reduces the work function with respect to that of bare surface, while  F and  Cl increase it. Then, work functions are experimentally determined by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The MXene prepared by gentle etching at 40 °C for 48 h (GE_40/48) has the largest work function. Furthermore, an electron-cloud potential-well model is established to explain the mechanism of electron emission-dominated charge transfer and assemble a triboelectric device to verify experimentally its conclusions. It is found that GE_40/48 has the best performance with a 281 V open-circuit voltage, 9.7 µA short-current current, and storing 1.019 µC of charge, which is consistent with the model. Last, a patterned TENG is demonstrated for self-powered human–machine interaction application. This finding enhances the understanding of the inherent mechanism between the surface structure and the output performance of MXene-based TENG, which can be applied to other TENG based on 2D materials.     

Critical Review of Fluorinated Electrolytes for High-Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), due to their ultra-high energy density, are attracting tremendous attentions. However, their commercial application is severely impeded by poor safety and unsatisfactory cycling stability, which are induced by lithium dendrites, side reactions, and inferior anodic stability. Electrolytes, as the indispensable and necessary components in lithium metal batteries, play a crucial role in regulating the electrochemical performance of LMBs. Recently, the fluorinated electrolytes are widely investigated in high-performance LMBs. Thus, the design strategies of fluorinated electrolytes are thoroughly summarized, including fluorinated salts, fluorinated solvents, and fluorinated additives in LMBs, and insights of the fluorinated components in suppressing lithium dendrites, improving anodic stability and cycling stability. Finally, an outlook with several design strategies and challenges will be proposed for novel fluorinated electrolytes.     

Ultrafast Switchable Passive Radiative Cooling Smart Windows with Synergistic Optical Modulation

Switchable passive radiative cooling (PRC) smart windows can modulate sunlight transmission and spontaneously emit heat to outer space through atmospheric transparent window, presenting great potential in building energy conservation. However, realizing stable and on-demand control of the cooling efficiency for PRC materials is still challenging. Herein, an electro-controlled polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) smart window showing PRC property is designed and prepared by adding mid-infrared emitting reactive monomers into the conventional PDLC matrix. It is found that not only the electro-optical properties but also the PRC efficiency of PRC PDLC film are tunable by regulating the content of the mid-infrared emitting components, film thickness, and micromorphology. This advanced PRC PDLC material achieves a near/sub-ambient temperature when the solar irradiance is below 400 W m⁻² and can dynamically manage daytime cooling efficiency. Importantly, its PRC efficiency is capable of being tuned in an on-demand and ultrafast millisecond-scale way, whose controllable transparency enables multistage heat regulation. This study is hoped to provide new inspiration in the preparation of advanced optical devices and energy-efficient equipment.     

酒石酸还原Cu(Ⅱ)制备多种形貌Cu_2O晶体及形成机理

以CuSO_4·5H_2O为原料,KOH为添加剂,酒石酸为还原剂,在水热条件下通过调整相关的实验参数,制备了一系列不同形态的Cu_2O微-纳米晶体及三维十字形枝晶。采用XRD、SEM等手段对不同形态的Cu_2O晶体进行了表征,探讨了不同因素变化对Cu_2O晶体形态的影响。分析认为,晶体生长过程控制了晶体的具体形貌和大小,Cu_2O晶体显露的单形晶面随晶体生长条件的变化而不同。在低温、弱碱性、高浓度溶液中有利于形成八面体形态的Cu_2O晶体,而菱形十二面体单形晶面在高温、强碱性、低浓度溶液中形成的晶体中显露的面积有所增大。