断细药的微小电容检测方法

针对机械检验法会因药粉、棉花毛等杂质的积聚而使检测失灵,射线检测法在检测药芯的精度上不够理想的诸多问题,提出了断细药的微小电容检测方法。该方法运用了药芯直径发生变化时介质型电容式传感器的电容发生变化。可依据这种非电量与电量之间的关系进行测量。仿真表明:它的工作稳定、安装简便、功耗低,性能可靠,适用于断细药的检测。     

基于加权概率CVDA的动态化工系统微小故障检测

典型变量差异度分析（CVDA）是近年来提出的一种新型动态过程监控方法,已在微小故障检测领域获得成功应用。针对传统CVDA方法忽视了特征量的概率信息挖掘问题,提出一种基于加权概率CVDA（WPCVDA）的动态化工系统微小故障检测方法。一方面,该方法在基本CVDA模型特征基础上引入Wasserstein距离（WD）度量特征量概率分布的变化,构造概率化的WD特征提高CVDA模型对微小故障的灵敏度;另一方面,进一步考虑不同的WD特征成分携带故障信息的差异性,设计一种自适应权值计算策略,为关键的故障敏感特征成分设置大的权值,突出其在监控统计量中的作用。在一个标准化工过程的验证结果说明,所提出的WPCVDA方法比传统CVDA方法具有更好的微小故障检测性能。     

破片群测速过程点匹配算法研究

为了解决接触式破片群速度测试方法中多目标匹配问题,在一致点漂移算法的基础上提出了广泛性点匹配算法。该算法首先将点集进行约简;然后利用约简后点集的重要性质,采用多重EM迭代策略求得全局最优解;最后,找到不同测试面中测得的点集一一对应关系。通过仿真分析并与其他算法进行对比,证明提出的算法能够更好的解决破片群测速问题。该算法解决了破片群测试模型中难以将各个破片速度匹配的问题,极大的提高了破片群速度测试精度。     

Tests on mechanical behavior of unsaturated decomposed granite and its modelling considering finite deformation

Generally speaking, most of the geomaterials in the surface ground are in an unsaturated state. The mechanical and hydraulic properties of unsaturated soil are much more complicated than those of saturated soil. To rationally describe these properties, it is important to couple the stress-strain relation of the unsaturated soil with its water retention characteristics using rational state variables. In this paper, oedometer and triaxial compression tests on decomposed granite under constant-suction and constant degree of saturation conditions were conducted. Based on the test results, a modified constitutive model was proposed to build an incremental relation between the degree of saturation and suction that considers the influence of finite deformation. The modified model was utilized to simulate the corresponding laboratory tests. It is found that the modified constitutive model has satisfactory accuracy to describe the mechanical and hydraulic properties of unsaturated decomposed granite, which verified the reasonability of the assumption adopted in this paper. The test results are also helpful for the understanding of the moisture characteristics of the decomposed granite under constant degree of saturation condition.     

建成环境如何影响老年人绿地使用频率 ——基于可达性和吸引力双重视角

老年人绿地使用频率与其体力活动水平和健康生活质量密切相关,且严重依赖绿地自身及周边建成环境。针对既有研究多集中于可达性分析的局限性,从可达性和吸引力双重视角出发,结合大连市老年人绿地活动调查数据,深入探究建成环境与老年人绿地使用频率的统计学关联性。研究发现：与空间临近性相比,绿地实际可达性对老年人活动的影响更为显著;不同绿地类型影响老年人的使用频率,社区公园和游园是高频体力活动的重要场所;此外,高品质的绿地环境、与居住用地相混合、临近生活性街道,以及周边多样化网点布局,均可正向调节老年人绿地使用频率。为营造老年友好型绿地,从空间配置、场所塑造、路径可达和功能诱发4个方面,提出结构化的建成环境优化策略。     

微晶纤维素含量对板栗浆悬浊液稳定性的影响

板栗因具有良好的营养价值和保健功能而常被用于混浊饮料中,但由于富含淀粉,板栗饮料易出现沉淀、分层等现象。为了改善板栗浆悬浊液稳定性,本文以微晶纤维素（MCC）复配琼脂为悬浮稳定剂,通过对体系粒径、粘度、流变、Turbiscan稳定性分析,评估了MCC含量对板栗浆悬浊液稳定性的影响。结果表明,当MCC用量在2.4 g/L、琼脂用量为0.4 g/L时,板栗浆悬浊液粒径较小,且在加速保温过程中粒径变化不显著,而ζ电位绝对值最大,表明悬浮体系相对最稳定;当MCC含量为2.4和2.8 g/L时,板栗浆悬浊液体系具有较高的粘度,对体系内悬浮颗粒可起到更佳的稳定作用;流变学研究结果表明,MCC用量为2.4 g/L时,体系中可形成较为稳定的三维网络结构,耐破坏性较强。Turbiscan稳定性分析结果显示,MCC用量为2.4和2.8 g/L时,体系TSI值相对较小,且在一定时间内趋于稳定。     

浅谈材料化学专业建设

从专业定位、人才培养模式、课程、教材、教师队伍和教学条件建设等几方面探讨了我校材料化学专业建设思路和措施。     

Structural convergence of maize and wheat straw during two-year decomposition under different climate conditions

Straw decomposition plays an important role in soil carbon sequestration. Litter quality and climate condition are considered to be key factors that regulate straw decomposition. This study investigated the decomposition characteristics of wheat and maize straw under cold temperate, warm temperate, and midsubtropic climate conditions, and examined whether the chemical structures of straw residues became similar during decomposition under different climate conditions. Straws were put in 0.074-mm-mesh size litter bags to exclude soil fauna and buried in black soil plots at three experimental stations located in the aforementioned climate regions to rule out the impact of soil type. The decomposition rate constants of wheat straw and maize straw increased linearly with temperature, and the former was more sensitive to temperature. Climate conditions and straw quality had marked effects on the residual material structure in the first half year of decomposition, but then decreased. Wheat and maize straw showed common decomposition characteristics with a decrease of O/N-alkyl carbons and di-O-alkyls, and a simultaneous increase of alkyl carbons, aromatic carbons, aromatic C-O groups, and COO/N-C ═ O groups. Overall, the results indicated that the chemical compositions of the two types of straw became similar after 2-year decomposition under different climate conditions.     

嵌入式数字语音拨号系统的研究与实现

将语音识别技术应用于拨号系统,在嵌入式平台上实现了一款针对非特定人的数字语音拨号系统。语音识别算法中选择梅尔频率倒谱系数为特征参数,连续隐马尔科夫模型。为训练和识别过程模型,利用Qt界面对识别过程进行控制,系统针对非特定人数字语音识别进行实验。结果表明,系统针对非特定人识别率达到了98％,识别时间为3．55S。识别率和实时性都满足语音拨号的需求。