Effect of wafer size on the film internal stress measurement by wafer curvature method

Wafer curvature method has been applied to determine the internal stress in the films using Stoney’s equation. During the film deposition, the wafer fixation on the sample holder will restrict the deformation of the rectangle-shaped wafer, which may result in the stress datum difference along length and width direction. In this paper, the effect of wafer size and the wafer fixation on the TiN film internal stress measured by wafer curvature method was discussed. The rectangle-shaped wafers with different length/width ratios (L/W=1:1, 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) were fixed as a cantilever beam. After the TiN films deposition, the profiles of the film/wafer were measured using a stylus profilometer and then the internal stress was calculated using the Stoney equation in the film. The results showed that the fixed end of the wafers limited to some degree the curvature of the wafers along the width direction. For film internal stress measured by wafer curvature method, the wafer profile should be scanned along the length direction and the scan distance should be greater than or equal to half of wafer length. When the length/width ratio of the wafer reached 3:1, the wafer curvature and the calculated stress were basically the same at different positions along the length direction. For film internal stress measured by wafer curvature method, it was recommended that the length/width ratio of wafer should be considered to be greater than or equal to 3:1, and the deformed profile was scanned along the length direction.     

Use of different barium salts to inhibit the thaumasite form of sulfate attack in cement-based materials

We investigated the effects of different barium compounds on the thaumasite form of sulphate attack(TSA)resistance of cement-based materials when they were used as admixtures in mortars.Moreover,we analyzed the inhibition mechanisms within different types of barium salts,namely BaCO_3 and Ba(OH)_2,on the thaumasite formation.The controlcement mortar and mortars with barium salts to cement and limestone weight ratios of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5% were immersed in 5%(by weight)MgSO_4 solution at 5 ℃ to mimic TSA.Appearance,mass,and compressive strength of the mortar samples were monitored and measured to assess the generaldegradation extent of these samples.The products of sulphate attack were further analyzed by XRD,FTIR,and SEM,respectively.Experimentalresults show that different degradation extent is evident in allmortars cured in MgSO_4 solution.However,barium salts can greatly inhibit such degradation.Barium in hydroxide form has better effectiveness in protection against TSA than carbonate form,which may be due to their solubility difference in alkaline cement pore solution,and the presence of these barium compounds can reduce the degree of TSA by comparison with the almost completely decomposed controlsamples.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ab initio</Emphasis> study of doping mechanisms in BaTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-BiYO<Subscript>3</Subscript>

A density functional plane-wave pseudopotential method is used to study the doping mechanisms of impurity defects(Bi_Ba, Y_Ti) in BaTiO₃-BiYO₃. Single Bi_Ba and Y_Ti impurities have little structure distortion. Bi forms ionic bond with nearby O atom in single Bi impurity, Y formed [YO₆] octahedral in single Y impurity. However, in the co-doped Bi_Ba and Y_Ti structure, Bi formed three valence bonds with nearby O atom, which causes the large structure distortion. The doped ion makes the mobile of Ti⁴⁺ difficult and loss local ferroelectricity, which will broaden the dielectric constant temperature curve and increase the temperature stability of BaTiO₃ ceramic matrix.     

Multi-Dimensional Pedestrian System on the New Campus of University of Macau

The Multi-dimensional Pedestrian System( MPS) is an integral part of the new campus of University of Macau. It observes the principle of "pedestrian first " and features a pedestrian-vehicle dividing system.Based on a comprehensive analysis of the location,climate,ecology and other factors of the project site,the conception of the idea of MPS and the related researches are illustrated. The transportation features of the MPS,as summarized,include multi-dimensions,short-distance and weather-resistance. Its features for the sake of livability include integration of nature, respect for the environment and sharing of landscape. Upon the completion of the project, the effects on its users were tested. Finally, some constructive rules for the construction of similar campus pedestrian systems were proposed.     

GFRP肋式剪力连接件受力性能对比试验研究

剪力连接件是保证GFRP混凝土组合梁/板中两种不同材料共同工作的重要构造,设计了矩形肋和T形肋两类GFRP肋式剪力连接件,进行了3组共8个GFRP肋式剪力连接件的推出试验,包括：矩形肋开孔、T形肋开孔、T形肋不开孔3组GFRP肋式剪力连接件,得到了其破坏形态、极限承载力、荷载滑移曲线及荷载应变变化规律,重点研究肋内开孔及肋的截面形式对GFRP肋式剪力连接件受力性能的影响。试验结果表明：GFRP肋式剪力连接件的破坏形态均为混凝土劈裂破坏;对比矩形肋开孔试件,T形肋开孔试件强度高、延性好;对比T形肋不开孔试件,T形肋开孔试件强度与延性均能提高。基于试验结果,建立了考虑肋内开孔及肋截面形式影响的GFRP肋式剪力连接件极限承载力计算公式,拟合得到了GFRP肋式剪力连接件的荷载滑移曲线上升段的理论模型,建立了其抗剪刚度计算公式。     

基于GEP的高速公路通行费预测方法研究

高速公路通行费未来收入状况的预测对于高速公路运营管理、建设规划有着重要的指导意义。然而,通行费收入水平的变化受到多方面因素的影响,具有较强的非线性和复杂性,传统预测模型无法准确表达通行费收入的发展规律。本文针对复杂的高速公路通行费预测问题,建立了基于基因表达式编程算法(GEP)的高速公路通行费预测模型。该模型利用GEP算法建立通行费当前收入与历史数据之间复杂的函数关系,准确地刻画通行费收入随时间的发展规律。此外,针对节假日期间通行费减免政策的影响,提出了有效的修正模型。最后,本文采集了浙江沪杭甬高速公路股份有限公司等12家公司通行费收入的历史数据进行仿真实验,对比传统的ARIMA以及神经网络预测模型,结果充分验证了本文算法的有效性和准确性。     

基于Python的网络协议分析工具的研究与应用

随着人们对网络安全重视程度的加深,网络协议朝着复杂化、多样化发展,而传统的协议解析工具存在着扩展性差、功能固定等局限.为了更好地符合实际需要,本文提出一种基于Python的支持自定义协议扩展和密态包解析的网络协议分析工具,主要对网络数据包解析技术进行了研究,采用脚本扩展的方式实现了对数据包的捕获、过滤并进行解析,同时加入了自定义密态包解析功能.实验结果表明,数据包密文部分的解析还原达到了预期效果.     

Bifurcation behaviors of an Euler discretized inertial delayed neuron model

This paper presents an Euler discretized inertial delayed neuron model, and its bifurcation dynamical behaviors are discussed. By using the associated characteristic model, center manifold theorem and the normal form method, it is shown that the model not only undergoes codimension one (flip, Neimark-Sacker) bifurcation, but also undergoes cusp and resonance bifurcation (1:1 and 1:2) of codimension two. Further, it is found that the parity of delay has some effect on bifurcation behaviors. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to support the analytic results and explore complex dynamics, such as periodic orbits near homoclinic orbits, quasiperiodic orbits, and chaotic orbits.     

镉质量浓度和鱼尺寸对罗非鱼积累和转移镉的影响

为研究尺寸和镉(Cd~(2+))质量浓度对罗非鱼积累和转移水环境中Cd~(2+)的影响,用室内培养的方法,选取4种尺寸的罗非鱼,设置不同质量浓度Cd~(2+)的暴露试验,分别测定其半致死率、Cd~(2+)积累量和对Cd~(2+)的转移系数以及罗非鱼的相对增长率.结果表明:不同尺寸的罗非鱼对Cd~(2+)的响应不同,其中,幼龄鱼的LC50浓度最低,体长为31.5±3.4 cm的罗非鱼LC50最高;低质量浓度Cd~(2+)(0.5 mg/kg)处理下,罗非鱼尺寸不同,相同鱼组织对Cd~(2+)的吸收积累量差异显著(P0.05),而高质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理时,不同尺寸罗非鱼的同一组织对Cd~(2+)的积累量无显著性差异;除体长27.4±2.9 cm罗非鱼外,相同尺寸的罗非鱼Cd~(2+)转移系数都是低质量浓度显著大于高质量浓度(P0.05);高质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理对各种尺寸罗非鱼质量增加的抑制率显著高于低质量浓度Cd~(2+)处理的抑制率.此外,不同Cd~(2+)质量浓度对相同尺寸的罗非鱼也产生不同的影响.因此,罗非鱼的尺寸和Cd~(2+)质量浓度都对罗非鱼积累和转移Cd~(2+)产生影响.     

Analytical investigation on thermal-induced warpage behavior of ultrathin chip-on-flex (UTCOF) assembly

The serious warpage issues of ultrathin chip-on-flex (UTCOF) assembly induced by mismatched thermal stresses have greatly affected the mechanical stability and reliability of emerging ultrathin chip packaging technology. Currently, a theoretical prediction as a convenient and straightforward approach is still lacked for describing effectively the thermal-mechanical behavior of UTCOF during the adhesive curing and cooling process. In consideration of the adhesive thickness approximating to ultrathin chip and flexible substrate thickness, we develop a layerwise-model of ultrathin chip-adhesive-flex structure under plain strain condition, where the behavior of thick adhesive bonding can be described precisely through increasing the subdivided mathematical plies. Further, the analytical results show that the concave and convex forms of ultrathin chip warpage yield at the end of the curing and cooling process respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of its structure dimensions and material properties are also revealed for discussing a way to relieve the extent of ultrathin chip warpage. Additionally, in order to verify the validity of the theoretical prediction, we also introduce the corresponding numerical technique and experimental method. These results suggest that a kind of rigid and ultrathin flexible substrate such as metal foil should be adopted for small warpage of ultrathin assembly.