Discharge characteristics of lead dioxide electrode prepared with cementation lead oxide

Lead acid batteries have had restricted applications because of relatively low energy density below 50Wh/kg. Many efforts have achieved lighter battery components such as separators, connections and containers etc. Thus, the most important problem of the lead acid battery is to improve the low capacity of the active material in the positive electrode. The purpose of this study is to improve the utilization of the active material in the lead dioxide electrode for the lead acid battery through the production of lead oxide with better physicochemical characteristics through cementation. A cementation reaction was performed in 1.0wt.%HCl solution using pure magnesium plate as the reductant. We investigated the utilization of the active material and discharge characteristics of the positive electrode with a current density ranging from 3.4 to 108.8mAcm⁻². As a result, the active material utilization was about 72% at 3.48 mAcm⁻² and increased with decreasing current density. The discharge characteristics according to current density are especially very good at high current density     

多任务小批量流水线遗传算法仿真与实施

文章阐述了在流水线调度时,可利用遗传算法计算出工件的最短通过时间, 但这并非最佳方案,应同时考虑交货期的影响、设备的负荷率和员工加班等问题.在设计过程中,根据多任务,小批量流水线生产的特点,改进常规遗传算法,设计出一种基于交货期的遗传算法,可以很快地搜索到最优个体,并实例证明了其可行性.     

工业污泥制备氧化铝的实验研究

以工业污泥为原料，分别利用双水解和通人二氧化碳气体的方法制备Al（OH）3（胶体），在1100℃煅烧后制得α-Al2O3粉体。并通过场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、能量发射能谱（EDS）以及X衍射仪（XRD）研究污泥原料、Al（OH），（胶体）和α-Al2O3粉体的形貌、成分和结构。结果表明：两种方法中，双水解的方法制备α—Al2O3工艺简单？产物杂质少、产量高。EDS分析结果显示：氧化铝平均纯度达98％。     

Durability of Titanium/Dicalcium Silicate Composite Coatings in Simulated Body Fluid

Titanium/dicalcium silicate composite coatings with different ratios (weight ratios as Ca₂SiO₄: Ti = 3:7, 5:5, 7:3) were prepared by plasma spraying. Effects of titanium addition on coating properties, such as bonding strength, flexural modulus, and dissolution in simulated physiological environment, were studied. Results showed that the bonding strength between coating and Ti-6Al-4V substrate increased with increase of titanium content in the composite coatings. It was explained by the narrowed dissimilarity of thermal expansion coefficients between the coatings and substrates. Degradation of mechanical properties after immersion in simulated body fluid was also studied. The dissolution of dicalcium silicate in the composite coatings resulted in the decrease of flexural strength and flexural modulus of the coatings in the simulated physiological environment. The higher titanium content in the composite coatings, the stabler are the composite coatings in the physiological environment.     

OBSERVATION OF THE FATIGUE FRACTURE SURFACE OF HIGH STRENGTH STEELS

利用扫描电镜对两种高强钢的疲劳断口进行了观察,并参照裂纹扩展速率曲线(log da/dN-log△K)进行了分析,其结果如下: (1)在对应低速率区的断口表面存在三个特征形貌区,这表明在该区的裂纹扩展过程具有三个阶段:裂纹形成,微裂纹扩展,和一个受沿晶开裂机制和穿晶疲劳条纹生长机制所控制的过渡阶段. (2)在中速率区,疲劳裂纹扩展的发生主要是受疲劳条纹生长机制作用.但是,发现疲劳条纹间距S并不与宏观裂纹扩展速率dα/dN相一致. (3)在高速率区,裂纹扩展速率行为是由疲劳条纹生长机制和韧窝机制所控制.有关这两种机制的相互作用和韧窝生长规律都进行了定量研究.     

Investigation of the grain coarsening behavior of some Aluminum alloys

Grain coarsening tests were carried out on Al-4.5 pct Cu and Al-4.5 pct Si alloys. The effects of three variables, melt composition, pour temperature, and mold temperature, were determined. It was found that the macrostructure generally coarsened with increased pour and mold temperatures. Coarsening was extreme in the unrefined alloys but was retarded by the active grain refiners like titanium and columbium. The effect of boron was spectacular in suppressing coarsening tendencies. The results of the investigation support the carbide theory of nucleation as opposed to the peritectic theory.     

Microstructure evolution during batch annealing

Design of industrial annealing cycles requires recrystallization and grain growth studies, which are typically carried out under isothermal laboratory condition. The kinetics coefficients of these phase transformations are obtained from such studies, which are subsequently used in designing the industrial nonisothermal cycles using the additivity principles. However, the strong heating rate effects on the grain growth kinetics necessitate such kinetics studies using industrial thermal profiles. In the present work, the hot and cold spot cycles of an industrial batch annealing cycle for AIK grade steel have been simulated in a programmable laboratory furnace. Subsequently, the effect of annealing temperature, soaking time, and heating rate on the microstructural features, such as grain size distribution, grain shape anisotropy, and grain orientation, have been investigated through extensive quantitative microscopy. The implications of these results on the design of industrial batch annealing cycles have been discussed.     

Determination of Active Slip/Twinning Modes in AZ31 Mg Alloy Near Room Temperature

In order to determine the deformation modes in AZ31 magnesium alloy at room temperature, computer simulations of deformation texture development and calculation of formability have been carried out. The simulation results were compared with the measured texture results. Based on agreement between the experiments and simulations the active deformation modes were determined. A Visco Plastic Self Consistent model was employed for the simulation of plastic deformation. Simulations and experiments were performed for different initial textures. The goal of the study was to develop the understanding of deformation texture evolution and its effects on mechanical properties of magnesium, with an ultimate goal of improving room temperature formability of magnesium alloys. This article was presented at Materials Science & Technology 2006, Innovations in Metal Forming symposium held in Cincinnati, OH, October 15-19, 2006.     

Effects of solid solution alloying on creep deformation of aluminum

The effects of solid solution alloying on the creep-rupture properties, deformation characteristics, ductility, and fracture of pure aluminum were studied by means of creep-rupture tests on polished specimens of three alloys each of Al-Cu (0.24, 0.79, and 2.05 pct Cu), Al-Zn (4.93, 9.89, and 19.78 pct Zn), and Al-Mg (0.94, 1.92, and 5.10 pct Mg) at 500°, 700°, and 900°F.     

Microstructure and creep behavior in AE42 magnesium die-casting alloy

The micro structural analysis of die-cast AE42 reveals a correlation between micro structure and creep strength. A lamellar-phase Al₁₁RE₃, which dominates the interdendritic microstructure of the alloy, partly decomposes above 150‡C into Al₂RE and Al (forming Mg₁₇Al₁₂). The increased solubility of aluminum in magnesium at higher temperatures may also promote the decomposition of Al₁₁RE₃. The creep strength decreases sharply with these phase changes. A mechanism for the decrease in creep strength of AE42 is proposed whereby the reduced presence of lamellar Al1₁₁RE₃ and/or the presence of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ contribute to the observed poor creep strength at higher temperatures.