Grain‐Boundary “Patches” by In Situ Conversion to Enhance Perovskite Solar Cells Stability

The power conversion efficiency of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has increased rapidly, but the device stability remains a big challenge. Previous studies show the grain boundary (GB) can facilitate ion migration and initiate device degradation. Herein, methimazole (MMI) is employed for the first time to construct a surface “patch” by in situ converting residual PbI₂ at GBs. The resultant MMI–PbI₂ complex can effectively suppress ion migration and inhibit diffusion of the metal electrodes. The origin of the surface “patch” effect and their working mechanisms are investigated experimentally and theoretically at the microscopic level. It hence demonstrates a simple and effective method to prolong the device stability in the context of GB engineering, which could be extensively applied to perovskite‐based optoelectronics.     

介质薄膜的透射光谱测量及其光学参数的分析

介绍介质薄膜透射光谱的测量以及基于分析薄膜透射光谱的计算薄膜光学参数的方法。对制备在玻璃基板上的二氧化钛、二氧化硅和氧化锌薄膜进行了可见光谱区的透射比测量，并用包络线方法和最优化方法对这些透明薄膜的光学参数进行了计算和分析。着重讨论了最优化方法在分析薄膜光学参数中的应用及其误差分析。此外，还对包络线方法和最优化方法进行了比较。     

Synthesis, characterization and osteoconductivity properties of bone fillers based on alendronate-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite microspheres

A superior drug controlled release system capable of achieving efficient osteogenesis is in imperative demand because of limited bone substitute tissue for the treatment of bone defect. In the present study, we investigated the potential of using poly(ε-caprolactone)–hydroxyapatite (PCL–HA) composite microspheres as an injectable bone repair vehicle by controlled release of alendronate (AL), a medicine that belongs to the bisphosphonates family. The PCL/HA–AL microspheres were prepared with solid/oil/water emulsion technique, which included two processes: (1) AL was loaded on the hydroxyapatite nanoparticles; (2) the HA–AL complex was built in the PCL matrix. The spherical PCL/HA–AL microspheres were characterized with its significantly improved encapsulation efficiency of hydrophilic AL and better sustained release. Human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on the surface of these microspheres and exhibited high proliferative profile. Specifically, in osteogenic medium, hMSCs on the surface of PCL/HA–AL microspheres displayed superior osteogenic differentiation which was verified by alkaline phosphatase activity assay. In conclusion, by presenting strong osteogenic commitment of hMSCs in vitro, the PCL/HA–AL microspheres have the potential to be used as an injectable vehicle for local therapy of bone defect.     

A new approach to the estimation of fatigue reliability at a single stress level

Based on a probabilistic model of strength-lifetime, an approach to estimating simple fatigue reliability by using first-order reliability techniques is presented. By this approach the results of life testing at two stress levels can be used directly to estimate simple fatigue reliability corresponding to any lifetime and applied stress ratio. Using the approach does not need the data of a fatigue strength staircase test which are not exact enough for describing the distribution of fatigue strength and can only be used for a specific lifetime. A numerical example is given to show the application of the approach.     

Theoretical analysis of long-lived radioactive waste in pressurized water reactor

Background The accelerator-driven subcritical transmuta-tion system(ADS)is an advanced technology for the harmless disposal of nuclear waste.A theoretical analy...     

显像管玻壳退火炉热平衡测试及评估

通过对4台玻壳退火炉的热平衡测试、计算及分析,得到了玻壳退火炉热平衡收支数据,计算出玻璃成品的单位质量产品耗热量、单位质量产品燃气耗量等主要技术经济指标。提出了进一步提高热效率的技术措施。     

短壁综放面快速推进矿山压力显现规律与特征

通过分析短壁综放工作面快速推进条件下的矿压显现规律与特征,为今后类似条件的工作面巷道布置、支护参数选择等提供切实可靠的依据。对工作面回采提出有针对性的防范措施,实现工作面快速推进时的安全生产。     

浅析采空区探查的安全技术管理

受小煤窑开采的破坏,在露天煤矿的开采中,对采空区探查的安全技术管理非常重要并直接影响到安全生产。根据采空区破坏范围和形态,采用科学、合理的探查手段和方法探查采空区,能取得较好的爆破效果。     

带压堵漏作业防护探索与研究

本文分析了泄露现场的化学和物理危害因素及由此导致的各种后果,而且针对泄露事故对作业人员不同部位的伤害提出了相对应的个人防护用品,同时提供了与之相对应的国家行业标准.