How commercial involvement affects open source projects: three case studies on issue reporting

Whereas most research on Internetware has focused on new technologies for keeping track of a changing Internet,little attention has been paid to the software development process.A large portion of the software running the Internet is open source software.Open source software is developed both by volunteers and commercial companies,often jointly.Companies get involved in open source projects for commercial reasons,and bring with them a commercial software development process.Thus,it is important to understand how commercial involvement affects the software development process of open source projects.This article presents case studies of three open source application servers that are being developed jointly by a volunteer community and one primary software company.We are interested in better understanding developer behavior,specifically task distribution and performance,based on whether the developer is an external contributor,e.g.,a volunteer working in their spare time,or a commercial developer from inside the primary backing company who is being paid for their time.To achieve this,we look at issue reporting as an example of commercial involvement in open source projects.In particular,we investigate the distribution of tasks among volunteers and commercial developers by studying the source of reported issues and quantify the task performance on user experience via the issue resolution speed.We construct measures based on historical records in issue tracking repositories.Our results show that,with intensified commercial involvement,the majority of issue reporting tasks would be undertaken by commercial developers,and issue resolution time would be reduced,implying a better user experience.We hope our methods and results provide practical insights for designing an efficient hybrid development process in the Internetware environment.     

移动支付业务技术现状及发展趋势

随着全球3G网络的高速发展和智能手机的快速普及,国内外移动支付业务呈现爆发式增长,市场空间巨大.根据用户支付方式的不同,移动支付可分为远程支付和近场支付两大类,应用涵盖公交、购物、电子票券等方面.综合分析SIM Pass、RF-SIM、NFC-SWP、APP四类主流移动支付方案的技术特征与市场现状,并探讨移动互联网时代移动支付的发展趋势.     

Dynamic evolution of collective emotions in social networks: a case study of Sina weibo

Emotion is a fundamental object of human existence and determined by a complex set of factors. With the rapid development of online social networks (OSNs), more and more people would like to express their emotion in OSNs, which provides wonderful opportunities to gain insight into how and why individual emotion is evolved in social network. In this paper, we focus on emotion dynamics in OSNs, and try to recognize the evolving process of collective emotions. As a basis of this research, we first construct a corpus and build an emotion classifier based on Bayes theory, and some effective strategies (entropy and salience) are introduced to improve the performance of our classifier, with which we can classify any Chinese tweet into a particular emotion with an accuracy as high as 82%. By analyzing the collective emotions in our sample networks in detail, we get some interesting findings, including a phenomenon of emotion synchronization between friends in OSNs, which offers good evidence for that human emotion can be spread from one person to another. Furthermore, we find that the number of friends has strong correlation with individual emotion. Based on those useful findings, we present a dynamic evolution model of collective emotions, in which both self-evolving process and mutual-evolving process are considered. To this end, extensive simulations on both real and artificial networks have been done to estimate the parameters of our emotion dynamic model, and we find that mutual-evolution plays a more important role than self-evolution in the distribution of collective emotions. As an application of our emotion dynamic model, we design an efficient strategy to control the collective emotions of the whole network by selecting seed users according to k-core rather than degree.     

Social commerce research: An integrated view

Social commerce has quickly emerged as a new area of inquiry for both practitioners and researchers, suggesting the potential impacts of social media and social networking technologies and services in shaping commercial channels on and off the Internet. This essay starts by providing a brief overview of social commerce research and practice in light of the wide attention it has drawn in the industry. Then, we propose a research framework with an integrated view of social commerce that consists of four key components: business, technology, people, and information. The framework helps us understand the development of social commerce research and practice to date. Subsequently, we report some preliminary findings from a bibliometric study of academic and industry publications in social commerce to reveal recent trends and research topics, as well as some verification of the research framework. Finally, we discuss five articles in this special issue and categorize them in terms of the proposed social commerce research framework.     

Quantum state transfer with a two-dimensional Cooper-pair box qubit array

A theoretical scheme is proposed to transfer quantum state with a two-dimensional Cooper-pair box qubit array in circuit QED devices, in which coplanar transmission line resonators play the role of a quantum data bus. Based on the Raman transitions, the resonator-assisted quantum state transfer between any selected pair of qubits can be performed by addressing the local gate pulses. Thus the scheme may offer an effective route towards scalable quantum state transfer with superconducting qubits.     

Efficient entanglement concentration for quantum dot and optical microcavities systems

A recent paper (Chuan Wang in Phys Rev A 86:012323, 2012) discussed an entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) for partially entangled electrons using a quantum dot and microcavity coupled system. In his paper, each two-electron spin system in a partially entangled state can be concentrated with the assistance of an ancillary quantum dot and a single photon. In this paper, we will present an efficient ECP for such entangled electrons with the help of only one single photon. Compared with the protocol of Wang, the most significant advantage is that during the whole ECP, the single photon only needs to pass through one microcavity which will increase the total success probability if the cavity is imperfect. The whole protocol can be repeated to get a higher success probability. With the feasible technology, this protocol may be useful in current long-distance quantum communications.     

Shape optimization for a link mechanism

This paper presents a numerical solution for shape optimization problems for link mechanisms, such as a piston-crank mechanism. The dynamic behavior of a link mechanism is described by a differential-algebraic equation (DAE) system consisting of motion equations for each single body and constraints of linkages and rigid motions. In a shape optimization problem, the objective function to maximize is constructed from the external work done by a given external force, which agrees with the kinetic energy of the link mechanism, for an assigned time interval, and the total volume of all the links forms the constraint function. The Fréchet derivatives of these cost functions with respect to the domain variation, which we call the shape derivatives of these cost functions, are evaluated theoretically. A scheme to solve the shape optimization problem is presented using the H ¹ gradient method (the traction method) proposed by the authors as a reshaping algorithm, since it retains the smoothness of the boundary. A numerical example shows that reasonable shapes for each link such that mobility of the link mechanism is improved are obtained by this approach.     

四网协同资源配置模型战略分析

四网协同是中国移动3大战略之一。如何通过科学的资源配置,真正实现四网协同发展,是中国移动集团、省市公司和地市公司共同关注的核心议题。在四网大协同的战略背景下,通过研究搭建了一个基于四网协同的闭环、联动、可获取、可评估的资源配置分析模型。一方面,通过体系化的四网资源配置模型,能够有效地支撑中国移动四网战略的落地,保障四网协同战略的有效实施;另一方面,通过闭环的投资策略方案比较分析,支撑中国移动集团公司与各省公司四网投资的精细化管理,提升投资管理效益。同时,还根据大协同分析思路和端管云策略体系,达到提升中国移动的企业综合效益,促进中国移动可持续发展的目标。     

博斯腾湖矿化度影响因子的敏感度分析

水位,吞吐流,风场从不同机理不同程度影响着博斯腾湖的矿化度分布。本文在定性分析博斯腾湖矿化度分布的影响因子的基础上,建立水流-盐度数学模型,通过采用单因子影响的分析的方法,进行矿化度分布对各影响因子的敏感度分析。研究表明:风场对博湖矿化度分布的影响最为明显,水位和吞吐流对博湖矿化度分布的影响均不明显。该研究对博湖的水环境综合治理有一定的指导意义。     

基于FPGA的PXIe总线DMA设计与实现

PXIe总线标准是PCIe总线的工业扩展.通过对基于FPGA的PCIe IP Core的研究,在FPGA上实现了PXIe总线,并提出了PXIe总线DMA的新设计.从DMA作为总线主设备和总线从设备两种功能出发,设计了两个DMA通道,分别完成数据读和包的传输.并且设计了将小块离散数据整合成连续数据块的优化算法,使四通道PXIe能达到500MB/s的读写速度.经过实际信号的测试,验证了DMA模式数据传输的正确性及传输带宽.该系统可以满足高速PXIe总线传输带宽的要求,在工程应用中有显著的参考价值.