用于构建维吾尔文语料库的中文件格式转换技术研究

研究在维吾尔文字语料库建立过程中,从MS-DOS系统上排版的书刊、杂志中获得维吾尔语单词,并转换到Windows环境上RTF格式的一种快速解决方法,然后提出维吾尔文字Unicode代码对应的RTF代码表和动态生成维吾尔文RTF文件的简单方法.实践证明这种方法有助于提高语料库构造中的大量单词收集的效率和质量.     

The impact of toxicity of metals on the activity of ureolytic mixed culture during the precipitation of calcium

In this article, the inhibitory impact of metals on substrate utilization and microbial carbonate precipitation (MCP) by ureolytic mixed cultures (UMC) was investigated with glucose and mineral medium under batch conditions. The IC(50) (toxicant concentration eliciting 50% inhibitory effect) values were determined from the BOD values of samples. Inhibition, expressed as the value of 50% inhibitory effect (IC(50)), was evaluated by the decrease in substrate removal using BOD tests. The effect of toxicity of metals on substrate degradation, IC(50) values, was found to increase in the following order: Cd(II)>Cu(II)>Pb(II)>Cr(VI)>Ni(II)>Zn(II). Nitrification a possible phenomenon in the biocatalytic process was observed in several samples and this inhibited the precipitation of soluble calcium. During the removal of calcium from industrial calcium-rich wastewater, toxicity of metal at higher metal concentrations and possibility of nitrification at higher sludge ages should be considered.     

Pyrolysis of waste pomegranate peels for bio-oil production

In order to obtain bio-oil from the pomegranate peel which is a by-product of juice production process, the dried pomegranate peel was pyrolyzed at a heating rate of 10°C/min and different temperatures between 400 and 550°C. The highest pyrolytic oil yield of 40.47 wt% was obtained at the final temperature of 550°C. The oil product was characterized by various analysis techniques. The results showed that the oil product mostly contained fine chemicals with oxygen like phenols, furfural, and its derivatives with the carbon number in a range of C₃-C₁₀. The oil product had the potential for producing fine chemicals.     

Inflection points for network reliability

Given a finite, undirected graph G (possibly with multiple edges), we assume that the vertices are operational, but the edges are each independently operational with probability p. The (all-terminal) reliability, \(\operatorname{Rel}(G,p)\) , of G is the probability that the spanning subgraph of operational edges is connected. It has been conjectured that reliability functions have at most one point of inflection in (0,1). We show that the all-terminal reliability of almost every simple graph of order n has a point of inflection, and there are indeed infinite families of graphs (both simple and otherwise) with more than one point of inflection.     

Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate/polyhydroxybutyrate composite membranes for fluoride release

Controlled release technology is a recent technology which has considerable potential in the fields of medicine, pharmacy, and agriculture. Fluoride ion is commonly used in the preventive treatment of decay, and when provided with extra fluoride, children living in regions that lack fluoride benefit from it. For the present study, clinical properties of an intraoral controlled release fluoride delivery system were considered. The preparation of a controlled release membrane system is described. Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate/polyhydroxybutyrate composite systems were examined as fluoride carriers. Polymeric membranes were prepared by photopolymerization and then characterized. Contact angles and swelling ratios of fluoride‐loaded membranes were determined. The surface morphology of the microporous membranes were examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In vitro fluoride release studies were carried out in an artificial saliva medium. The amount of released fluoride was determined and the effect of medium pH and temperature on fluoride release was investigated. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 976–981, 2003     

The meeting of hydrogen and automotive: A review

In this study, an overview has been presented a classification of the vehicles using hydrogen with different ways. The using of hydrogen in vehicles has been categorized into two main categories as designs in which hydrogen is burned and energy is generated by conversion to electricity. The designs of internal combustion vehicles with using hydrogen via burning, the designs of the fuel cell vehicles that using hydrogen by converting into electricity and their hybrid versions have been introduced. In the automotive industry, the structure and future advantages of hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles have been handled in a separate title. Onboard storage, safety, the capital cost and operating cost of the different design of vehicles have been analyzed rigorously.     

Effect of Modified Phosphate Rock Saturated by Various Salts on Stack Gas Desulfurization in a Fluidized Bed Reactor

In this work, the suitability of phosphate ore treated with the varied salts such as FeSO₄, NaCI, CaCI₂, Na₂SiO₃, and Na₂SO₄ as an alternative material for limestone and dolomite in flue gas desulfurization has been investigated. Also, the effect of the varied salts on calcination and sulfation of the raw, calcine, and semicalcined phosphate samples has been investigated in a differential fluidized bed reactor at 700–800°C (4 min) in air and 0.3% SO₂. It was established that the salts have prominent effects on sulfation and calcination. The changes in the pore structure and products obtained at the end of sulfation were investigated using BET surface area method. In conclusion, it was observed that the sulfation and calcination conversion ratios generally increased when the phosphate rock was treated the varied salts.     

Analysis of the control strategies for fuel saving in the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles

A hydrogen fuel cell vehicle requires fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, controllers and smart control units with their control strategies. The controller ensures that a control strategy predicated on the data taken from the traction motor and energy storage systems is created. The smart control unit compares the fuel cell nominal output power with the vehicle power demand, calculates the parameters and continually adjusts the variables. The control strategies that can be developed for these units will enable us to overcome the technological challenges for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in the near future. This study presents the best hydrogen fuel cell vehicle configurations and control strategies for safe, low cost and high efficiency by comparing control strategies in the literature for fuel economy.     

Preparation and characterization of magnetic polymethylmethacrylate microbeads carrying ethylene diamine for removal of Cu(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), and Hg(II) from aqueous solutions

Magnetic polymethylmethacrylate (mPMMA) microbeads carrying ethylene diamine (EDA) were prepared for the removal of heavy metal ions (i.e., copper, lead, cadmium, and mercury) from aqueous solutions containing different amount of these ions (5–700 mg/L) and at different pH values (2.0–8.0). Adsorption of heavy metal ions on the unmodified mPMMA microbeads was very low (3.6 μmol/g for Cu(II), 4.2 μmol/g for Pb(II), 4.6 μmol/g for Cd(II), and 2.9 μmol/g for Hg(II)). EDA‐incorporation significantly increased the heavy metal adsorption (201 μmol/g for Cu(II), 186 μmol/g for Pb(II), 162 μmol/g for Cd(II), and 150 μmol/g for Hg(II)). Competitive adsorption capacities (in the case of adsorption from mixture) were determined to be 79.8 μmol/g for Cu(II), 58.7 μmol/g for Pb(II), 52.4 μmol/g for Cd(II), and 45.3 μmol/g for Hg(II). The observed affinity order in adsorption was found to be Cu(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II) > Hg(II) for both under noncompetitive and competitive conditions. The adsorption of heavy metal ions increased with increasing pH and reached a plateau value at around pH 5.0. The optimal pH range for heavy‐metal removal was shown to be from 5.0 to 8.0. Desorption of heavy‐metal ions was achieved using 0.1 M HNO₃. The maximum elution value was as high as 98%. These microbeads are suitable for repeated use for more than five adsorption‐desorption cycles without considerable loss of adsorption capacity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 81–89, 2000