个人剂量无线监测装置的研制

本文提出了一种基于无线功能的个人剂量核辐射监测.旨在对辐射工作区域的工作人员提供辐射剂量的实时监测.该系统采用射频通信传输技术,将工二人所受的辐射剂量、剂量率和受照时间等数据发送至监控中心,以方便自动数据存储和分析.同时及时有效的预警,可避免工作人员超剂量受照的风险,对辐射环境卫生领域的深入研究也有重要的参考价值.     

基于simstore自纠错倒闸操作仿真系统设计

提出了一种基于simstore的自纠错倒闸操作仿真系统,所设计的仿真系统能完成常规变电站电气设备的倒闸操作,并自动生成倒闸操作票,与其他倒闸操作仿真系统所不同的是,该系统具备“自动纠错”功能.该仿真系统用于郑州供电公司省府110kV变电站的日常培训,结果表明,在提高常规变电站运行人员的工作技能方面,获得了良好效果.     

5-氰基-4-氨基咪唑的合成与热性能

咪唑基含能化合物是目前高能化合物的重要研究方向，而5-氰基-4-氨基咪唑是设计、合成新型咪唑联四唑类高能高氮化合物的关键中间体。以5-甲酰胺基-4-氨基咪唑（AICON）为原料，经其与三氯氧磷（POCl3）的脱水反应获得了5-氰基-4-氨基咪唑（AICN），通过优化反应体系、反应温度、反应时间以及物料物质的量比，使得AICN的收率>65%，纯度（HPLC）>99.5%。此外，采用NMR、IR和元素分析对其进行了结构确征，利用热重分析法研究其热性能。结果表明：AICN的最佳反应条件为以POCl3为脱水剂，n(AICON)：n(POCl3)为1:10，反应升温模式为先快速升温至80~85 ℃，维持反应30 min，然后降温至70~75 ℃，维持反应1~1.5 h；AICN在40~1000 ℃温度区间存在两个失重过程，对应的热分解温度区间分别为40~400 ℃和400~1000 ℃、热失重分别为19.8%和60.7%、热分解峰温分别为256.5和698.4 ℃，表明其具有良好的热稳定性。     

Effects of the reinforcement and toughening of acrylate resin/CaCO3 nanoparticles on rigid poly(vinyl chloride)

Novel composite particles based on nanoscale calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO₃) as the core and polyacrylates as the shell were first synthesized by in situ encapsulating emulsion polymerization in the presence of the fresh slush pulp of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanoparticles. Subsequently, these modified nanoparticles were compounded with rigid poly(vinyl chloride) (RPVC) to prepare RPVC/CaCO₃ nanocomposites. At the same time, the effects of the reinforcement and toughening of these modified nanoparticles on RPVC were investigated, and the synergistic effect of modified nanoparticles with chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) was also studied. The results showed that in the presence of nano‐CaCO₃ particles, the in situ emulsion polymerization of acrylates was carried out smoothly, and polyacrylates successfully encapsulated on the surface of nano‐CaCO₃ to prepare the modified nanoparticles, breaking down nano‐CaCO₃ particle agglomerates, improving their dispersion in the matrix, and also increasing the particle–matrix interfacial adhesion. Thus, the effects of the reinforcement and toughening of these modified nanoparticles on RPVC were very significant, and the cooperative effect of the nanoparticles with CPE occurred in the united modification system. Scanning electron microscopy analyses indicated that large‐fiber drawing and network morphologies coexisted in the system of joint modification of nanoparticles with CPE. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3940–3949, 2007     

新型高耐蚀车辆保护蜡的研究

研制了一种耐蚀性能要求较高环境下使用的车辆保护蜡，采用高分子树脂，防锈添加剂与蜡膜相结合的方法，大幅提高了耐蚀性等质量性能，满足了厂家和用户的要求，成功应用于车辆的涂装。     

那曲典型草地植被光谱特征分析

遥感是大尺度生态研究的重要工具之一,而地面植物群落特征与其光谱特征之间的关系是解译遥感影像的关键。地面实测数据由于其高空间分辨率和高光谱分辨率,能够准确反映地物光谱信息,可以用来指导卫星遥感解译工作,同时为遥感监测草地退化、草地模型建立等提供数据支持。选取西藏那曲地区的优势植被类型作为研究对象,利用ASD FieldSpec 3便携式光谱仪测定优势种的冠层光谱并进行比较,并取其中一种优势种测量其在不同覆盖度和不同生长期的光谱反射特点。研究结果表明:①不同植被群落冠层光谱具有特殊的光谱曲线,可见光波段光谱反射率依次是紫花针茅、小嵩草和藏北嵩草,近红外波段光谱反射率则依次是小嵩草、藏北嵩草和紫花针茅;红边位置可以识别藏北嵩草,但是不能区分小嵩草和紫花针茅;②不同覆盖度的小嵩草红边、“绿峰”位置不随覆盖度的变化而发生变化;连续统去除后得到吸收深度随覆盖度的增加而变大,吸收峰面积随覆盖度的增加而增加;③小嵩草衰退期内,在可见光波段和红边波段,冠层光谱反射率随着叶绿素含量的减少而下降,出现“红边蓝移,绿峰下降”的现象。     

一种基于差分进化和免疫克隆选择算法的混合优化方法

为了提高免疫克隆选择算法的搜索能力,提出了一种基于差分进化和免疫克隆选择算法的混合优化方法。该方法采用差分进化提高免疫克隆选择算法的抗体亲和度,并对该算法的收敛性进行了分析。为了测试该算法的有效性,将该算法应用于函数优化问题中。仿真结果表明,该方法具有更高的收敛速度和收敛精度。     

Exothermic effect in the process of electron‐beam curing of epoxy resins

Temperature measurements have been performed in the process of electron‐beam curing of EB‐I and EB‐II epoxy resin systems. The influence of initiator content, resin type, and dose rate on the temperature of the systems was studied. Transverse and longitudinal temperatures of samples in the glass vessel were also analyzed. The nature of temperature curves varied with the different epoxy resin systems in the steel mold, but did not change with different contents of the initiator. At the same time, the heat had no effect on the gel fraction of epoxy resin systems. The temperature curve was greatly affected by the dose rate, and its peak value, peak width, and plateau value also increased with it. The transverse temperature of EB‐II glass vessel samples increased as the radiation dose increased and, in the same sample, the temperature reduced as the distance between the radiation center and the test point increased. The longitudinal temperature of EB‐I and EB‐II resin systems in a glass vessel decreased as the radiation depth increased. As the radiation dose increased, the temperature of the EB‐I resin system increased simultaneously, while that of the EB‐II resin system initially increased and then kept constant when the dose reached a certain value. The temperatures of these two resin systems decreased rapidly when the radiation process stopped. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2217–2222, 2004     

全硫化粉末丁腈橡胶改性硬质聚氯乙烯研究

研究了纳米级全硫化粉末丁腈橡胶（VP-401）对硬质聚氯乙烯（PVC-U）增韧改性材料的力学性能、流变性能及形态结构的影响。研究发现：与普通粉末橡胶P83增韧相比，采用少量的超细全硫化粉末橡胶即可在保持较高的强度和耐热温度的基础上大幅度提高硬质PVC材料的冲击韧性。     

Oxygen enrichment from air through multilayer thin low‐density polyethylene films

Several multilayer thin low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films were fabricated by blown thin film having a thickness of 7 μm and an area of 130 cm². They were characterized for their oxygen‐enrichment performance from air by a constant pressure–variable volume method in a round permeate cell with an effective area of 73.9 cm². The relationship between oxygen‐enrichment properties, including oxygen‐enriched air (OEA) flux, oxygen concentration, permeability coefficients of OEA, oxygen, nitrogen, as well as separation factor through the multilayer LDPE films, and operating parameters, including transfilm pressure difference, retentate/permeate flux ratio, temperature, as well as layer number, are all discussed in detail. It is found that all of the preceding oxygen‐enrichment parameters increase continuously with an increase of transfilm pressure difference from 0.1 to 0.65 MPa, especially for the trilayer and tetralayer LDPE films. The oxygen concentration and separation factor appear to rapidly increase within the retentate/permeate flux ratio below 200, and then become unchangeable beyond that, whereas the OEA flux and the permeability coefficients of OEA, oxygen, and nitrogen seem to remain nearly constant within the whole retentate/permeate flux ratio investigated, especially for the monolayer and bilayer LDPE films. The selectivity becomes inferior, whereas the permeability becomes superior, as the operating temperature increases from 23 to 31°C. The highest oxygen concentration was found to be 44.8% for monolayer LDPE film in a single step with air containing oxygen of 20.9% as a feed gas and operating pressure of 0.5 MPa at a retentate/permeate flux ratio of 340 and 23°C. The results demonstrate a possibility to prepare an oxygen‐enriching membrane directly from air, based on the easily obtained thin LDPE films. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 3013–3021, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.2331