Improving Ideality of P-Type Organic Field-Effect Transistors via Preventing Undesired Minority Carrier Injection

Electron injection plays a crucial role in arousing the double-slope characteristics for p-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with narrow-bandgap organic semiconductors (OSCs). This issue will not only result in the misrepresentation of OFET performance but also may cause device instability, hence impeding their further development in real-world applications. A facile and highly efficient approach is developed to circumvent this issue by implementing modification on the electrode/organic semiconductor interface. An ultrathin layer of wide-bandgap OSC with suitable energy levels is introduced to block the undesirable electron injection. By this means, typical double-slope behaviors and bias stress stability in the p-type OFETs can be significantly improved. Using 2,8-difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene-based OFETs the double-slope behaviors of as-fabricated devices are effectively converted to near-ideal behaviors after modification, leading to a dramatic improvement of average reliability from 65.11% to 91.76%. Furthermore, the positive drift of transfer curves under prolonged bias stress is also successfully suppressed. This strategy demonstrates good universality and can provide a new guideline for the fabrication of OFETs with ideal behaviors.     

3D Porous Oxidation-Resistant MXene/Graphene Architectures Induced by In Situ Zinc Template toward High-Performance Supercapacitors

2D MXene materials have attracted intensive attention in energy storage application. However, MXene usually undergoes serious face-to-face restacking and inferior stability, significantly preventing its further commercial application. Herein, to suppress the oxidation and self-restacking of MXene, an efficient and fast self-assembly route to prepare a 3D porous oxidation-resistant MXene/graphene (PMG) composite with the assistance of an in situ sacrificial metallic zinc template is demonstrated. The self-assembled 3D porous architecture can effectively prevent the oxidation of MXene layers with no evident variation in electrical conductivity in air at room temperature after two months, guaranteeing outstanding electrical conductivity and abundant electrochemical active sites accessible to electrolyte ions. Consequently, the PMG-5 electrode possesses a striking specific capacitance of 393 F g⁻¹, superb rate performance (32.7% at 10 V s⁻¹), and outstanding cycling stability. Furthermore, the as-assembled asymmetric supercapacitor possesses a pronounced energy density of 50.8 Wh kg⁻¹ and remarkable cycling stability with a 4.3% deterioration of specific capacitance after 10 000 cycles. This work paves a new avenue to solve the two long-standing significant challenges of MXene in the future.     

A Highly Sensitive,Reversible, and Bidirectional Humidity Actuator by Calcium Carbonate Ionic Oligomers Incorporated Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)

Sensitivity and multi-directional motivation are major two factors for developing optimized humidity-response materials, which are promising for sensing, energy production, etc. Organic functional groups are commonly used as the water sensitive units through hydrogen bond interactions with water molecules in actuators. The multi-coordination ability of inorganic ions implies that the inorganic ionic compounds are potentially superior water sensitive units. However, the particle forms of inorganic ionic compounds produced by classical nucleation limit the number of exposed ions to interact with water. Recent progress on the inorganic ionic oligomers has broken through the limitation of classical nucleation, and realized the molecular-scaled incorporation of inorganic ionic compounds into an organic matrix. Here, the incorporation of hydrophilic calcium carbonate ionic oligomers into hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is demonstrated. The ultra-small calcium carbonate oligomers within a PVDF film endow it with an ultra-sensitive, reversible, and bidirectional response. The motivation ability is superior to other bidirectional humidity-actuators at present, which realizes self-motivation on an ice surface, converting the chemical potential energy of the humidity gradient from ice to kinetic energy.     

Organic Synaptic Transistors: The Evolutionary Path from Memory Cells to the Application of Artificial Neural Networks

The progress of neural synaptic devices is experiencing an era of explosive growth. Given that the traditional storage system has yet to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck, it is critical to develop hardware with bioinspired information processing functions and lower power consumption. Transistors based on 2D materials, metal oxides, and organic materials have been adopted to mimic the synapse of a human brain, due to their high plasticity, parallel computing, integrated storage, and system information processing. Among these materials used to build transistors, organic semiconductors are considered to be the most promising candidate for neural synaptic devices and bio-electronics, owing to their easy processing, mechanical flexibility, low cost, good bio-compatibility, and ductility. This review focuses on the recent advances in organic synaptic devices with various structures, materials, and working mechanisms. The applications of artificial neural networks that integrate multiple organic synaptic transistors are also concretely discussed. Finally, the challenges that organic synaptic devices currently face are discussed and future developments are forecast.     

光纤围栏扰动事件模式识别研究

设计了一种用于光纤围栏扰动信号模式识别的方法,详细描述了其中的数据完整性确认、特征提取、特征库、分类器等模块;设计了三组实验,对模式识别效果进行了验证.实验结果表明:在光纤围栏系统中引入模式识别模块,能在保证告警率的同时有效降低误告警率.     

加快以IPv6为基础的下一代互联网发展迫在眉睫

随着IPv4地址的耗尽和IP地址需求的持续增加,以IPv6为核心的下一代互联网发展成为通信业界最关心、最直接、最迫切的问题之一。而3G移动互联网和物联网等新兴产业的发展使得向IPv6过渡变得更为紧迫。本文对国内外IPv4和IPv6发展现状进行梳理,分析IPv6过渡的关键技术和产业链,并从中国联通的实际出发,对如何加快我国发展IPv6提出若干建议。     

飞行试验颤振数据实时监控系统

颤振试飞是＂I类风险＂试飞科目,试飞风险巨大。而原型机和涉及到结构及外型重大更改的改型机都必须进行颤振科目试飞。因此要制定严格的保障措施,高效、准确的监控保证。由于颤振数据的高采样率,为保障整个监控系统的性能,采用单独的服务器与独立的局域网,并在颤振服务器上加装A/D转换器,结果该颤振数据实时监控系统可按512点/s的采样率无丢点采样存盘,条图仪均匀输出。通过前期原理论证及后期使用证明该系统能满足高采样率下颤振数据的实时监控要求,而且它解决了在UDP传输协议的网络中高采样数据条图仪输出的时间均匀性问题。     

人工蜂群算法求解任务可拆分项目调度问题

针对任务可拆分的资源受限的项目调度问题,提出了一种人工蜂群算法与任务可拆分的串行调度机制相结合的优化方法．人工蜂群算法中每个食物源的位置代表一组项目任务的优先权序列,优先权序列通过调度生成机制转换为可行调度方案,迭代中由三种人工蜂执行不同的操作来实现全局最优解的更新．实算表明,基于优先权的人工蜂群算法可以有效求解任务可拆分项目调度问题,收敛速度较快且精度较高．     

基于MSP430单片机的温度测量实验设计

介绍了一种基于MSP430单片机的测温实验,用此实验可代替教学中传统的热敏电阻结合电流表的测温实验。该实验采用热敏电阻和斜率A／D转换来测量温度,并由液晶显示屏显示出来。通过该实验可以使学生更好的掌握传感器、单片机、集成电路以及计算机语言等现代科学技术。     

水热法制备K0.5Bi0.5TiO3陶瓷粉体及其介电性能研究

采用水热法合成了K0.5Bi0.5TiO3(KBT)无铅压电陶瓷粉体.运用X线衍射(XRD)分析了KOH浓度及反应时间对产物物相的影响;利用扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)观察研究了粉体的形貌.结果表明,增大碱浓度(4～12 mol/L)和延长反应时间都有利于KBT纳米粉体的合成.在220℃,KOH的起始浓度12 mol/L水热合成48 h的纯KBT相呈立方形结构,晶型规整,晶粒尺寸约为100nm.由水热法制备的粉体在1060℃烧结,获得介电损耗为0.05的致密压电陶瓷材料.