黄金矿山综合经济效益的灰色评估

本文偿试性地应用灰色系统理论中的灰色聚类评估模型,对山东省七个黄金矿山的综合经济效益进行了评价,得出了山东省黄金矿山的综合经济效益较好的合理结论。     

Two-level optimal output feedback stabilizer design

Design of two-level system stabilizers is considered using an optimal reduced-order model whose state variables are torque angles and speeds. The reduced-order model retains their physical meaning and is used to design a two-level linear feedback controller that takes into account the realities and constraints of the electrical power systems. The two-level control strategy is used, and a global control signal is generated from the output variables to minimize the effect of interaction. The effectiveness of this controller is evaluated, and an example, the multimachine system, is given to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method. The responses of the system with the two-level scheme and optimal reduced order scheme are included for comparative analyses     

膜分离技术大行其道

食品与膜分离技术 膜分离技术是以滤膜作为选择性障碍层，允许某些成分透过而保留混合物中的其它成分。他在食品工业上，主要应用于制造过程中的前处理，去除杂质、除菌、浓缩、澄清、分离，甚至污水处理等。在分离过程中，不涉及相变化及化学变化，具有高效能、节省能源、避免环境污染等特点。膜过滤技术包括逆渗透、     

Kinetics of AuSn4 migration in lead-free solders

The relatively fast diffusion of Au atoms in eutectic PbSn matrix is considered one of the contributing factors to the Au embrittlement problem. In this study, we further investigated the Au embrittlement problem in high-Sn solders. Experimentally, Sn3.5Ag (wt.%) spheres with 500-μm diameter were soldered over the Au/Ni soldering pads. It was found that some of the AuSn₄ needles that formed after reflow inside the solder migrated back to the solder/pad interface during thermal aging. However, the migration kinetics in high-Sn solders was slower compared to that in eutectic PbSn. The difference in migration kinetics of AuSn₄ in eutectic PbSn and SnAg was ascribed to the difference in the magnitudes of the Au flux and the Ni flux. In eutectic PbSn, the Au flux was much greater than that of the Ni flux, and the Au and Ni flux were in the same order of magnitude in eutectic SnAg. The relative magnitude of the Au and Ni flux changed in eutectic PbSn and SnAg because the homologous temperatures of PbSn and SnAg were different.     

《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准的修订

《石油沥青纸胎油毡》国家标准进行了第三次修订。本文介绍了修订的理由、修订的内容与依据，并与国内外同类产品标准进行了比较。