热解温度对无烟煤焦微观结构和脱硝特性的影响

在氮气气氛和600～1000℃条件下, 使用水平管式炉对龙坪无烟煤进行了热解制焦实验, 利用拉曼光谱分析了热解煤焦的微观结构变化, 使用热重分析仪(TGA)进行了无烟煤焦的程序升温脱硝实验, 研究了热解温度对无烟煤焦微观结构和脱硝特性的影响。研究结果表明:热解温度对无烟煤焦的微观结构有显著的影响, 随着热解温度升高, 煤焦的拉曼光谱G峰与D1峰的位置差逐渐减小, 谱峰积分面积逐渐缩小, 积分面积比值I_D1/I_G和I_D3/I_G先增大后减小, I_G/I_All先减小后增大。热解温度还对无烟煤焦的脱硝特性有明显的影响, 无烟煤随着热解温度升高由炭化向初步石墨化转变, 由于活性结构数量的减少和碳结构变得更加有序, 无烟煤焦的脱硝反应性不断降低, 脱硝反应活化能增大。     

Removal of Hg0 from flue gas using two homogeneous photo‐fenton‐like reactions

Removal of Hg⁰ using two homogeneous Photo‐Fenton‐Like reactions was first investigated in a photochemical reactor. Effects of process parameters on Hg⁰ removal were studied. Free radical and reaction products were analyzed. Removal pathways of Hg⁰ were discussed. Simultaneous removal of Hg⁰, NO, and SO₂ is also studied briefly. The results show that UV power, wavelength, H₂O₂ concentration, and solution pH have great effects on Hg⁰ removal. Hg⁰, and SO₂ concentrations, solution temperature, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, , and concentrations also have significant effects on Hg⁰ removal. However, concentrations of CO₂, NO, O₂, Cl^?, , , SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃ only have slight effects on Hg⁰ removal. Hg⁰/NO/SO₂ can be simultaneously removed by Photo‐Fenton‐Like reactions. ·OH was captured, and / /Hg²⁺ were also detected. Removals of Hg⁰ by photochemical oxidation and ·OH oxidation play a major role, and removal of Hg⁰ by H₂O₂ oxidation only plays a secondary role in removal of Hg⁰. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1322–1333, 2015     

草屑厌氧消化预处理耦合水热炭化研究

厌氧消化（AD）耦合水热炭化（HTC）技术对园林废弃物的可持续资源化利用具有显著优势和意义。采用草为研究对象,进行了7~28 d的AD预处理,深入探究了AD预处理耦合HTC对水热炭特性及其热解和产物释放特性的影响。其中,AD促进HTC过程主要发生脱羧反应;通过改变木质纤维素构成比例和结构特征有效调控水热炭的功能特性。此外,AD打破了生物质内部致密的刚性结构,促进了水热炭丰富孔隙的形成和比表面积的增加。在生物可降解程度为17.52%（AD 7 d）时,水热炭性能最佳,质量产率、高位热值（HHV）、能量产率和能量密度分别达62.75%、23.81 MJ·kg^-1、80.31%和1.28。此外, TG-MS分析结果揭示了AD预处理提高了炭的热稳定性以及热解产物中能源气体的生成,有助于热解气的提质和利用。     

聚吡咯/CaSnO3锂电池负极材料的研制和应用

采用软化学方法制备出CaSnO3立方晶体,接着将其放入等离子体增强化学气相积淀仪(PECVD)进行吡咯气体辉光放电,使等离子体聚吡咯(PPy)沉积在CaSnO3表面上,获得PPy/CaSnO3复合材料.采用傅里叶转换红外光谱对其化学结构进行表征;利用X射线衍射仪和场发射扫描电子显微镜对CaSnO3改性前后的晶格结构和几...     

Mechanical Fault Diagnosis Based on Band-phase-randomized Surrogate Data and Multifractal

The vibration signals of machinery with various faults often show clear nonlinear characteristics.Currently,fractal dimension analysis as the common useful method for nonlinear signal analysis,is a kind of single fractal form,which only reflects the overall irregularity of signals,but cannot describe its local scaling properties.For comprehensive revealing of internal properties,a combinatorial method based on band-phase-randomized(BPR) surrogate data and multifractal is introduced.BPR surrogate data method is effective to eliminate nonlinearity in specified frequency band for a fault signal,which can be utilized to detect nonlinear degree in whole fault signal by nonlinear titration method,and the overall nonlinear distribution of fault signal is displayed in nonlinear characteristic curve that can be used to analyze the fault signal qualitatively.Then multifractal theory as a quantitative analysis method is used to describe geometrical characteristics and local scaling properties,and asymmetry coefficient of multifractal spectrum and multifractal entropy for fault signals are extracted as new criterions to diagnose machinery faults.Several typical faults include rotor misalignment,transversal crack,and static-dynamic rubbing fault are analyzed,and the results indicate that those faults can be distinguished by the proposed method effectively,which provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis way in the field of machinery fault diagnosis.     

淬火介质SST101在调质钢及轴承钢热处理中的应用

本文研究了调质钢４０Ｃｒ，３５ＣｒＭｏ和轴承钢ＧＣｒ１５在淬火介质ＳＳＴ１０１中淬火后的淬透性、变表开裂性及４０Ｃｒ的力学性能。实验结果表明：适当调整ＳＳＴ１０１的浓度，可以获得不同的冷却速度；适合调质钢４０Ｃｒ，３５ＣｒＭｏ及轴承钢ＧＣｒ１５的淬火液的最佳浓度分别为１．０％－１．５％和１．５％－２．０％。     

影响淬火剂SST101冷却特性因素的研究

本文对淬火剂ＳＳＴ１０１在其不同的浓度、温度及重复使用次数下冷却曲线进行测定，试验结果表明，温度、重复使用次数对其冷却特性均有影响，且随其深度增大、温度升高、重复次数增多，其冷却能力降低。     

碟形容器封头冷旋压过程三维有限元数值分析

依据有限元理论,对冷旋压碟形封头的变形机理进行了分析,应用ANSYS软件对其变形过程进行了数值模拟研究,得出了封头在不同位置成形时应力、应变的分布规律。分析了应力、应变对变形的影响,计算了旋压力,为优化工艺参数提供了有效方法和可靠依据。     

开关电容氢敏传感器研究

详细分析了用Ｐｄ栅ＭＯＳ电容器测量空气中氢含量的方法,设计了用开关电容电路实现模数转换的循环型Ａ／Ｄ转换器的接口电路,提出的开关电容氢敏传感器特别适合于用大规模集成电路实现。     

辽河滩海地区原油地球化学特征及成因类型

辽河滩海地区为辽河油田油气生产的重要后备接替区,该区原油包括正常油、稠油和超稠油。 稠油和超稠油主要分布于浅层,与生物降解、氧化作用有关。根据原油的沉积环境、母质类型和成熟度特征,将原油划分为4类:Ⅰ类为伽马蜡烷含量相对较高、姥/植比相对较低和"V"字形规则甾烷分布的成熟原油,分布在笔架岭油田和月海油田中浅层;Ⅱ类成熟度偏高,低伽马蜡烷和"L"形规则甾烷分布,分布于月海油田相对深层的沙河街组三段;Ⅲ类具有高三环萜烷、高伽马蜡烷和"L"形规则甾烷分布的特征,为海南11和葵花16东营组三段原油,处于滩海东部生烃凹陷两侧;Ⅳ类以较低成熟度、低伽马蜡烷和高姥/植比区别于前3类原油,分布在葵花岛油田东营组。4种成因类型的原油指示辽河滩海地区存在多套有效烃源岩,月海油田深层和滩海东部葵花岛油田东营组仍具有广阔的勘探前景。