Detoxification of Zearalenone by viable and inactivated cells of Planococcus sp

The capacity of Planococcus sp. strain S118 to remove Zearalenone (ZEN) from liquid medium in varying conditions was investigated. The results indicated that Planococcus sp. S118 removed ZEN by binding process. Strain S118 significantly reduced the levels of ZEN in the liquid medium; the viable and heat-inactivated bacteria could remove 21.82% and 47.82% of ZEN, respectively. Heat, acid, and Triton-100 treatment significantly enhanced the capability of removing ZEN. The detoxifying capability depended on the incubation period, concentration of bacteria, pH, and temperature. Planococcus sp. S118 likewise possessed the capability to remove Zearalanone (ZAN), which is one of ZEN analogues. The viable and heat-inactivated bacteria could remove 16.36% and 34.26% of ZAN, respectively. The detoxifying capability of ZEN and ZAN by heat-inactivated bacteria were significantly influenced by each other.     

另一个“红色13”——海因里希·巴特勒斯的Bf109G-6/R6战斗机

我本次制作的是巴特勒斯于在1943年秋,驻地中海战区希腊卡拉马基(Kalamaki)时驾驶的一架Bf109G-6/R6型红色13号,此时他已经取得70个击落战果,翼下挂载R6武器套件MG151/20吊     

Investigation of growth behavior of Al-Cu intermetallic compounds in Cu wire bonding

In this work, we investigate the intermetallic compound formation in Cu wire bonded device. Voids near the Cu side at the bond interface are clearly seen. Nevertheless, these voids do not seem to interfere with the function of the unit. High temperature storage test (HTST) results show that there are Al₂Cu and AlCu in the damaged unit while Al₂Cu and Al₄Cu₉ appear in the good unit. The results clearly show that the Al layer is exhausted in the damaged unit while those with Al₄Cu₉ on the Cu side pass HTST with unconsumed Al. Theoretical calculations indicate that AlCu and Al₄Cu₉ are energetically more favorable than Al₂Cu, which is consistent with the reported IMC forming sequence. Formation energy of AlCu is compatible but slightly lower to that of Al₄Cu₉, suggesting AlCu tends to be the most stable phase among all. The reason why the Al layer is completely consumed in one case and some Al layer remains in the other is due to the fact that the formation of AlCu requires more than twice the amount of Al than Al₄Cu₉ for the same amount of Cu consumed. The complete consumption of Al is proposed as the reason responsible for the failure of the damaged unit.     

High electrical performance liquid-phase HBr oxidation gate insulator of InAlAs/InGaAs metamorphic MOS-mHEMT

The InAlAs/InGaAs metal-oxide-semiconductor metamorphic high electron mobility transistors (MOS-mHEMTs) were demonstrated by using liquid-phase HBr treatment technology to form a high-quality gate insulator layer. In this study, liquid-phase HBr treatment technology was used instead of traditional plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) because the proposed technology can prevent the device from plasma-induced damage. The novel HBr + ultraviolet (UV) illumination treated InGaAs provided a lower surface states such that MOS structure can be efficiently obtained. Besides, based on the atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurement, the native oxides film formed by HBr + UV illumination treatment also provided a better surface roughness compared to traditional NH₄OH and only HBr treatment solutions. It is beneficial for reducing the surface traps and lowering the leakage current in MOS-mHEMTs. Based on the flicker noise and load-pull power measurement results, HBr + UV treatment mHEMT achieved a low flicker noise at high current level and the power-added efficiency can be enhanced up to 9%. Therefore, the novel liquid phase method of HBr + UV illumination treatment exhibited a highly potential for low noise microwave power device applications.     

Sol-gel assisted preparation and characterization of silver indium diselenide powders

AgInSe₂ powders were successfully prepared via mixing sol-gel derived precursors, followed by a selenization process. To obtain the pure AgInSe₂ compound, excess amounts of In³⁺ ions were added into the starting solution to compensate the loss of In₂O₃ during the selenization process. A figure that depicts the relationship between the resultant compounds and different selenization temperatures was constructed according to the formed phases. The Raman spectrum and Rietveld refinement confirmed that the prepared AgInSe₂ belonged to the chalcopyrite structure. With increasing selenization temperatures, the AgInSe₂ powder particle sizes as well as the crystallinity increased significantly. The AgInSe₂ formation mechanism during the selenization process is proposed as a two-step process. Ag₂Se is formed in the first step and then induces the second-step reaction to produce AgInSe₂. The sol-gel route with a selenization process is introduced as a new approach to fabricate pure AgInSe₂ powders for use in thin-film solar cells.     

Influence of Mg3AlNi2 content on the cycling stability of Mg2Ni–Mg3AlNi2 hydrogen storage alloy electrodes

A novel method to improve the cycling capacity degradation of Mg₂Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy by means of composite materials has been proposed. The new composites Mg₂Ni-x mol% Mg₃AlNi₂ (x = 0, 15, 30, 60, 100) were prepared by means of combining electric resistance melting with isothermal evaporation casting process (IECP). Phase analysis and microstructure were investigated by SEM and TEM observations. Results showed that the cycling stability of the alloy with Mg₃AlNi₂ was superior to that of Mg₂Ni. XPS analysis revealed that the formation of an Al oxide film during cycling could enhance the anti-corrosion of the surface of the composites. Among the obtained capacity retaining rates, Mg₂Ni-15 mol% Mg₃AlNi₂ composite had the best anti-corrosion performance. This composite has kept 76% of its maximum discharge capacity (50 mA hg^?1) at 25th cycle compared to 20% for Mg₂Ni. The enhancement of the cycling stability of the electrode alloy with 15 mol% Mg₃AlNi₂ can be ascribed to the decrease in the rate of pulverization of the alloy during cycling, which is considered as the factor in the improvement of the electrochemical properties of the Mg₃AlNi₂-containing alloys.     

Material flow and core/multi-shell structures in a friction stir welded aluminum alloy with embedded copper markers

The objective of this study was to reveal the material flow and temperature distribution in a thick aluminum plate during friction stir welding and examine the subsequent microstructural change with particular attention to the reaction between copper marker and aluminum matrix. It is shown that the material adjacent to the threaded pin was transported from the top to bottom non-symmetrically, and then was forced to move upwards at a small distance from the pin due to the constraint of an extrusion-die-like configuration. The interaction between the copper marker and aluminum matrix led to the formation of (i) a unique core/multi-shell microstructure consisting of copper core, inner shell of AlCu and outer shell of Al₂Cu, and (ii) a composite band containing uniformly-distributed Al₂Cu particles with refined grains due to the lower stacking fault energy of copper and the pinning role of Al₂Cu particles.     

The influence of ingredients of silica suspensions and laser exposure on UV curing behavior of aqueous ceramic suspensions in stereolithography

This paper focused on the influence of ingredients of silica suspensions and laser exposure on curing behavior of the highly concentrated aqueous silica suspensions. As a basic building unit, single cured lines were regarded as research objects to characterize the curing behavior of aqueous ceramic suspensions. The cured width and depth were characteristic parameters of single cured lines and measured with a digital optical microscope. The relationships between two characteristic parameters and ingredients of highly concentrated aqueous ceramic suspensions and laser exposure were investigated. The cured depth and width of single cured lines increased with the ceramic mean diameter and monomer concentrations. The cured width of single cured lines decreased with the solid content, but the cured depth increased with the solid content for silica suspensions. The cured depth and width of the single cured line all decreased with the laser scanning speed. The experimental results show that the ingredients of ceramic suspensions and laser exposure all have great influence on curing behavior of the highly concentrated silica suspensions, which indicates that the formula is an intrinsic factor on the curing behavior of ceramic suspensions and laser exposure is an exterior factor.