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991.
Possibilities and problems with the use of models as a communication tool in water resource management 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Politicians and policy-makers, as well as modellers, often nurses an expectation that model derived results is an objective
source of information that can be used to support decisions. However, several prerequisites have to be dealt with in order
to ensure that models can be used as legitimate and efficient tools in water resource management. Based on empirical material
from recent studies on the use of models in stakeholder dialogues, mainly focusing on catchment nutrient transport, two central
problems are identified: (a) Models are laden with choices and thus depend on assumptions and priorities of modellers. (b)
There are several factors that influence ability and willingness of stakeholders (as information recovers) to criticize or
accept results of the modelling exercise. Recognized factors likely to influence stakeholders' acceptance of model derived
results include issues at stake, stakeholders' ability to criticize model derived information, and their trust in the institutions
that have developed or applied the used models. Identified prerequisites for successful use of models in integrated water
resource management include: consideration of user relevance, awareness of and preparedness to handle constraints linked to
communication of model-based results, transparency of used models and data and of involved uncertainties, mutual respect between
experts and stakeholders and between involved stakeholder groups, a robust institutional network, and sufficient time for
dialogues. Development and use of strategies for participatory modelling, based on a continuous dialogue between experts and
stakeholders is recommended as a way to facilitate that the prerequisites for a successful use of models in water resource
management are fulfilled. 相似文献
992.
大花水水电站碾压混凝土双曲拱坝最大坝高134.5 m,为目前国内外同类坝型坝高之最。大坝坝基处于软硬岩相间的顺向河谷上,大部分为强可溶岩地层,尤以沿垂直河向结构面及左岸古河床部位岩溶极发育。坝址左右岸地形不对称,地基岩性也软硬不均,工程地质条件极为复杂。大坝坝基存在的主要工程地质问题有坝基变形问题、抗滑稳定及渗漏问题等。工程开挖施工后,地质工程师对坝基基本地质条件进行了较详细的复核,并及时提出了适当的处理建议。 相似文献
993.
994.
Jeongbae Kim Hee Youl Kwak Dong Won Lee 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2007,21(12):2159-2167
In this study, we highlighted differences in the standards used in performance tests of solar collectors. We analyzed testing
results for different types of solar collectors to determine the effects of the collector area and mass flow rate, which were
not necessarily consistent across all tests. Our analysis showed that the factor,F′ (τα), including collector efficiency factor (F′), could be correlated with the flow rate or area regardless of the collector type. Moreover, the collector loss coefficient
(F′U
L
) per flow rate or area for an evacuated collector was less that of a flat-plate collector; this was also correlated with
the flow rate or area, regardless of the type of evacuated collector. As a result of this analysis, we propose a modified
heat loss coefficient that includes the effects of all parameters that can be considered in a performance test and show that
this coefficient could better describe the thermal characteristics of various types of solar collectors. 相似文献
995.
Polydorou and Capsalis [1] pioneered the concept of POCA distribution to study the statistical behavior of the fast fading characteristics in an indoor environment under the assumption of finite
number of scatters. In this note, we derive a comprehensive class of formulas for the POCA distribution to help better statistical modeling of the fast fading characteristics. The calculations involve use of several special functions
and their properties. 相似文献
996.
核磁共振测井在致密含气砂岩中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对核磁共振测井的T2谱及其T2截至值的合理选取,解释并获得了鄂尔多斯盆地西缘上古生界山西组、石盒子组致密砂岩储集层的总孔隙度、有效孔隙度、毛细管束缚水体积、可动水体积及渗透率等参数,据此预测的储集层孔隙结构特征与岩心分析测试结果很吻合。研究还发现,致密含气砂岩的T2谱具有分布范围窄-中等,波形及差谱分析谱位置明显后移、分布中等、呈单峰的典型特征。结合常规测井资料,综合研究了致密砂岩储层特征及其含气层的测井响应。经测试验证,致密含气砂岩储层的核磁共振测井解释结果十分可靠,表明核磁共振测井可用于该区致密含气砂岩复杂储集层评价。 相似文献
997.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important food-borne enteropathogen that encounters various adverse conditions in its native environment or during infection. Effects of mild acid treatment on survival under stress conditions, enteropathogenicity, and protein production in this pathogen were investigated. Logarithmically grown cells, at pH 7.5 shifted to pH 5.0 for 30 min, were more resistant to subsequent acid challenge at pH 4.4. A two-phase adaptive procedure (pH 5.8 for 30 min; pH 5.0 for 30 min) was better than a single-phase procedure for enhancing the acid tolerance of this pathogen. The acid-adapted cells were cross-protected against the challenges of low salinity and thermal inactivation. One-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that proteins with molecular masses of 6.4, 9.0, 13.6, 16.3, 18.9, 22.9, 24.4, 28.3, 33. 9, 36.9, 41.2, 47.6, 58.1, 65.6, 80.5, 88.2, and 96.9 kDa were induced or significantly enhanced, while proteins of 25.3, 30.1, 30. 7, and 91.7 kDa were significantly inhibited. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that 20 species of proteins were induced or significantly enhanced, while 26 species were inhibited. In assays conducted using the suckling mouse model, enteropathogenicity of the acid-adapted cells was significantly enhanced in terms of intestine/body weight ratio and in vivo recovery of infected cells. 相似文献
998.
本文测算了自蔓延高温合成TiAl基合金粉末的爆炸烧结特性常数值:γ=1.44,lgβ=25.25,并为试验证实,这为获取大尺寸TiAl基合金提供了理论依据。 相似文献
999.
1000.
T Maruo S Yoshida T Samoto Y Tateiwa X Peng S Takeuchi S Motoyama 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,19(6):494-504
Expression of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen emerged concurrently with squamous formation of the uterine cervix and increased during the neoplastic transformation of the cervical squamous epithelium. SCC antigen expression differed considerably among the histomorphologic cell types of cervical carcinoma. Large cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma contained high levels of the antigen. In contrast, no appreciable expression of SCC antigen was observed in small cell nonkeratinizing carcinoma. The pattern of SCC antigen expression closely coincided with EGF receptor (EGF-R) expression in cervical squamous neoplasia. This suggests that the expression of SCC and EGF-R in cervical carcinoma is related to the differentiation or dedifferentiation processes of the tumor cells. SCC production by CaSki cervical epidermoid carcinoma cells was stimulated by EGF. It seems likely that an autocrine system, in which EGF serves as the signal, may exist in cervical squamous carcinoma. 17beta-estradiol and L-triiodothyronine were found to upregulate EGF-R expression, proliferative potential and SCC production in the CaSki cervical carcinoma cells. 相似文献