大面积水域浓度场测试方法及系统研究

针对大面积水域浓度场难以实现实时测量、测量精度不高等问题,采用了一种多通道荧光测试系统和方法。首先,基于单色光诱导荧光检测浓度(LIF)原理,使用探头获取离散点的浓度参数。然后,经总线或通信网络技术,将数百个测点连接起来。最后,通过数据总线或网络将采集的数据输送到中央测控计算机中,处理离散的数据后形成完整的浓度场。在恒定流浓度场中的试验结果表明,污染物测量相对误差均值不超过5%,单次测量相对误差最高值为8.33%,传感器线性度不超过5%,可检测的荧光素钠溶液浓度分辨率为0.001 ppm,系统测量稳定、精度较高。相较于其他浓度测量方法,该系统具有测量面积大、实时测量的优势,可为水污染防治等领域提供可靠的技术支撑。     

一种多官能团乳化剂在羧基丁苯胶乳合成中的应用

试验发现：一种阴离子型兼具非离子性的乳化剂A用于羧基丁苯胶乳聚合体系，可显著提高胶乳的质量，其质量分数即使下降到原配方乳化剂标准用量的25％，也能制备出合格的胶乳；与使用SDS的聚合体系相比，使用乳化剂A的聚合体系的聚合反应及产物质量重复性好，胶乳的钙离子稳定性显著提高。分析发现，乳化剂用量的大小会导致聚合反应机理的差异，从而影响聚合反应及产物质量；在酸性条件下，乳化剂本 身的稳定性也是造成这种差异的原因之一。应用试验结果表明：用乳化剂A代替SDS并在一定范围内改变其用量，不会影响胶乳的应用性能。     

Low-temperature catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes under microwave plasma assistance

Various carbon nanotubes (CNTs) including aligned arrays, Y-branching and some other novel morphologies have been catalytically grown on anodic porous alumina template (APAT) and on the alumina-supported catalysts with methane (or benzene) as carbon source under microwave plasma assistance below 520 °C. The growth process could be simply operated since neither heating nor bias-voltage was applied to the catalysts or APAT. The results presented in this paper not only greatly richened the nanostructures of carbon family but also provided with a new technique path for synthesizing CNTs or some other nanostructures with the characteristics of low-temperature which has some special advantages or applications.     

氢氧化铝粉体表面化学改性的研究

综述了氢氧化铝粉体在应用领域存在的主要问题，解释了氢氧化铝粉体表面化学改性的机理。详细地介绍了国内外氢氧化铝粉体的表面化学改性的方法，主要包括酯化反应法、偶联剂法、表面活性剂吸附法以及聚合物包覆法。经研究表明，氢氧化铝粉体表面化学改性后扩宽了其应用领域，具有良好的前景。     

铝盐沉淀法制备低堆比假一水软铝石的研究

研究了铝盐沉淀法制备假-水软铝石过程中各因素对水合产物物性的影响规律。提出了制备低堆比的高纯假-水软铝石的方法。用NH4HCO3或(NH4)2CO3溶液做洗涤介质有效降低了假-水软铝石中的杂质含量。采用加入晶种的方法制备了低堆比、含有大孔的假-水软铝石。     

污水处理技术在油田的应用

本文以文南油田为例，从实际出发，系统阐述了全密闭污水处理工艺。该工艺以理论为依据，根据污水的性质，通过收油、除铁、混凝沉降、过滤等几个环节，对油田产出水进行深度净化，实现了净化水的稳定达标，从而深化了油田水处理技术。该技术的应用保证了油田注入合格水，保护地面设施及地层能量，提高原油采收率，为油田稳产、高产提供了有利的保障。     

Characterization and physical properties of polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane (PMPSQ) and hydroxyl‐functionalized polystyrene (PS–OH) hybrids

Polymethylphenylsilsesquioxane (PMPSQ–OH) and trimethylsilyl end‐blocked PMPSQ (PMPSQ–EC) were prepared. The thermal decomposition behavior of these polymers was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and FT‐Raman spectroscopy. Hydroxyl‐functionalized polystyrene (PS–OH) was also prepared by anionic living polymerization. Thin hybrid films of PMPSQ/PS–OH with various blend ratios were obtained by spin‐coating on freshly cleaned glass. The surface morphology of the hybrid films was investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). In 80/20 PMPSQ/PS–OH hybrid film, the PS–OH component produced a very uniformly dispersed phase. This hybrid film contained small domains of PS–OH whose size ranged from 60 to 80 nm. As the content of PS–OH was increased, the domain morphology coarsened and phase inversion took place around 50 wt %. In the phase‐inversed system, the PMPSQ‐rich phase was uniformly distributed in the PS–OH‐rich continuous phase. In addition, temperature‐dependent dielectric properties of PMPSQ/PS–OH hybrids were investigated. Relaxation of the hybrids was observed with an increasing content of the PS–OH component due to the amorphous glass transition behavior of PS–OH. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 2801–2812, 2003     

杂多酸固相催化合成麝香DDHI的研究

以杂多酸为催化剂 ,2 ,6 二异丙基酚 (DIPP)与异戊二烯 (IP)经环烷基化反应合成麝香DDHI。研究了催化剂种类和用量、原料配比、反应温度及时间对反应结果的影响。反应最佳条件为∶催化剂为磷钨酸固载于活性炭上 ,n(DIPP)∶n(IP) =2 .0 ,m(C1)∶m(IP) =0 .8～ 0 .9,反应温度 36℃～ 4 2℃ ,滴加时间 2h ,保温时间 1h ,产品收率 83.7%。     

吉林省中小流域经验模型的应用探讨

由于中小河流水文站点多数都属于无资料站,所以用传统的经验相关或者流域水文模型有一定难度。吉林省水文水资源局水情预报中心的工作者根据多年预报经验总结提出吉林省中小流域经验模型。该方法主要依据流域特征以及降雨和洪峰流量的关系,推算流域产流;再根据时段降雨按照产流过程叠加处理,概化流量过程,进行洪水预报。属于产汇流一体的流量过程计算模型。     

连云港海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换研究

采用粒度谱计算方法分析连云港及邻近海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换特征,为徐圩防波堤口门布置和连云港港航道回淤研究提供理论支撑。连云港港主航道和徐圩航道5 m等深线以外的区域悬沙和表层沉积物交换率为0.1~0.2,表明航道回淤强度将处于较低水平,对今后航道维护有利;5 m等深线以内区域的交换率为0.3~0.4,悬沙落淤对航道回淤有一定贡献,表明该航道段回淤量相对较大,计算结果与实测航道回淤强度分布特征基本一致。灌河口沙嘴正常天气条件下交换率小于0.2,说明悬沙落淤对沙嘴的影响较小;5 m等深线以内破波带水域交换率大于0.5,表明悬沙和表层沉积物交换频繁。连云港港及邻近海域悬沙和表层沉积物交换主要为粒径小于62 μm的细颗粒组分。分析结果表明,为减少泥沙回淤对徐圩港区港池正常运行的影响,兴建防浪挡沙堤并将堤头布置在破波带之外十分必要。