Electrical behavior of carbon black-filled polymer composites: Effect of interaction between filler and matrix

The effect of interaction between carbon black and polymer on electrical behavior was studied using the ESR method. The polymer matrices used were HDPE, LDPE, and ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA). Two kinds of carbon blacks (CB), high structure CSF-III and low structure FEF, were used as a conductive filler. Compared to that of the HDPE/FEF compound, the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) intensity is lower and electrical reproducibility is worse for the HDPE/CSF-III compound; however, it can be improved significantly by radiation cross-linking. On the other hand, the cross-linking has no practical effect on the PTC intensity of the LDPE/CSF-III compound while it can be achieved by mixing the compound for a longer time. The great PTC intensity was obtained in the HDPE/EVA/CSF-III compound, and it is greater than that of HDPE/CSF-III or EVA/CSF-III. We explain these results using the concept of interaction between the filler and matrix. The absorption of the polymer on the carbon black surface may be physical or chemical; the latter is caused by the free-radical reaction between the polymer and carbon black, and it can occur during the radiation or preparation process of the compound. These “bound polymers” are essentially important for materials to have a great PTC intensity and good reproducibility. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Solvent free oxidation of alcohols catalyzed by KMnO4 adsorbed on Kieselguhr

Efficient and selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones catalyzed by potassium permanganate supported on Kieselguhr reagent under solvent free conditions are reported.     

Hand-adaptive user interface: improved gestural interaction in virtual reality

Most interactive user interfaces (UIs) for virtual reality (VR) applications are based on the traditional eye-centred UI design principle, which primarily considers the user’s visual searching efficiency and comfort, but the hand operation performance and ergonomics are relatively less considered. As a result, the hand interaction in VR is often criticized as being less efficient and precise. In this paper, the user’s arm movement features, such as the choice of the hand being used and hand interaction position, are hypothesized to influence the interaction results derived from a VR study. To verify this, we conducted a free hand target selection experiment with 24 participants. The results showed that (a) the hand choice had a significant effect on the target selection results: for a left hand interaction, the targets located in spaces to the left were selected more efficiently and accurately than those in spaces to the right; however, in a right hand interaction, the result was reversed, and (b) the free hand interactions at lower positions were more efficient and accurate than those at higher positions. Based on the above findings, this paper proposes a hand-adaptive UI technique to improve free hand interaction performance in VR. A comprehensive comparison between the hand-adaptive UI and traditional eye-centred UI was also conducted. It was shown that the hand-adaptive UI resulted in a higher interaction efficiency and a lower physical exertion and perceived task difficulty than the traditional UI.

     

Effect of fiber volume fraction on longitudinal tensile properties of SiC<Subscript>f</Subscript>/Ti-6Al-4V composites

The longitudinal tensile properties of SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4V composites with different fiber volume fractions were simulated by the Monte Carlo 2-D finite element model. The random distribution of fiber strength was expressed by the two-parameter Weibull function. Meanwhile, contact elements and birth-death elements were used to describe the interfacial sliding process after debonding and fiber breakage (or matrix cracking) respectively, which was realized by subroutine complied in ANSYS-APDL (ANSYS Parametric Design Language). The experimental results show that the yield stress and ultimate tensile strength of SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4V composites increase with increasing fiber volume fraction, while the corresponding strain of them is just on the contrary. In addition, almost the same failure mode is obtained in SiC_f/Ti-6Al-4V composites with various fiber volume fractions when the interfacial shear strength is fixed. Finally, the tensile strength predicted by finite element analysis is compared with that predicted by Global load-sharing model, Local load-sharing model and conventional rule of mixtures, thus drawing the conclusion that Local load-sharing model is very perfect for the prediction of the ultimate tensile strength.     

基于GSM高速公路管理系统设计

本文所研究的高速公路管理系统是基于GSM模块的。本系统中的GSM模块是一款高性能模块,主控制芯片采用STC12C5A32S2系列单片机可以实现上位机控制GSM模块接、打电话及收发信息等功能。而且可以对收到的信息进行解析,并根据信息内容进行相关操作,从而实现远程控制。该系统可以将高速公路上的各个分站与主控制中心连接起来,便于控制中心对下辖的各管理所进行高速、有效、实时的管理。     

基于单片机控制的燃气灶自动开关设计

本文以AT89C51单片机为核心,与传统电子燃气灶结合,设计出可以自动点火的燃气灶。该燃气灶通过感受压力来控制燃气的通断和点火,并通过温度传感器检测燃气灶是否已经点燃了。     

知识开源化背景下信息安全类课程教学改革初探

本文针对当前知识开源化的现状,结合信息安全类相关课程在北京电子科技学院授课的实际情况,以利用知识开源化所带来的优势,改善课程的教学效果、提高学生的动手实践能力为目的,研究和探讨了信息安全类部分课程的教学模式改革方式和所取得的效果。     

直缝焊管焊缝质量电磁超声检测方法研究

为实现直缝焊管焊缝内缺陷检测,采用周向电磁超声SH0导波检测技术,研究了基于磁致伸缩效应激励周向SH0模态导波,确定了周向SH0导波激励频率,设计了一款一发双收差分接收的直缝焊管焊缝缺陷检测探头。结果表明:该系统能够激发单一模态周向SH0导波,实际波速与模型分析结果吻合;针对直径116 mm、壁厚3.5 mm的激光直缝焊管焊缝的Φ0.6 mm盲孔和Φ1.0 mm通孔,通过差分探头的信号处理,能够实现焊缝处Φ1.0 mm通孔和Φ0.6 mm盲孔缺陷的检测。     

Thiol-terminated hyperbranched polymer for DLP 3D printing: Performance evaluation of a low shrinkage photosensitive resin

In order to lower the volume shrinkage of the DLP 3D printing photosensitive resins during printing, a thiol-terminated hyperbranched polymer (T-HBP) was synthesized and introduced into the bisphenol A epoxy acrylate (EA) based photosensitive resin system. The obtained T-HBP was characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR spectra, and the grafting rate of sulfhydryl was determined. The mechanical properties of the photosensitive resins were measured by tensile and impact strength measurement. The glass transition temperature of the photosensitive resins was analyzed by DSC and the impact fracture surface was observed by SEM. T-HBP exhibited a much lower viscosity than its linear counterparts, and the addition of thiol improved the curing speed of the photosensitive resins. When the amount of T-HBP added was 20 wt%, the shrinkage of the photosensitive resins was reduced by about 45.5% and the impact strength increased by 33.9% compared with the control. The macromolecular spherical structure of T-HBP effectively reduced the functional group density of the photosensitive resins. In addition, the thiol-acrylate photopolymerization introduced by T-HBP further reduced the volume shrinkage of the photosensitive resins.     

计及碳排放的风-光-抽水蓄能系统容量优化配置方法

合理的系统容量配置方案是开发利用可再生能源的重要基础.文中提出了一种并网型风-光-抽水蓄能联合运行系统容量优化配置方法,该方法以成本最低、经济效益最大、碳排放量最小为优化目标建立系统模型,基于中国东南沿海某近陆海岛的真实数据,采用带精英策略的快速非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对模型进行求解.然后,引入灰色关联分析法实现无偏折中策略获取最优容量配置方案.仿真结果表明,联合运行系统能在最大限度利用风能和太阳能的基础上实现连续稳定运行;引入灰色关联分析法决策最优容量配置方案是可行的,且联合运行系统在全项目周期里的碳排放量随着灰色关联度的增大而减小;适当提高风电和光伏发电入网率能够降低系统成本、提高经济效益、减少碳排放量.