Co-digestion of manure and biowaste according to the EC animal by-products regulation and Finnish national regulations.

The objective of this study was to compare methane production and characteristics of digested material in anaerobic digestion concepts according to the Animal By-Products Regulation (ABP-Regulation) of the EC (hygienisation of biowaste for 1 hour at 70 degrees C, particle size < 12 mm) and Finnish national regulations (treatment temperature 55 degrees C, feeding interval 24 h, hydraulic retention time (HRT) 20 d, particle size < 40 mm) and with small variations in treatment methods for treating manure and biowaste. Moreover, the survival of three different salmonella bacteria in these processes was studied. Hygienisation of biowaste prior to digestion at 35 degrees C enhanced methane production by 14-18% compared to similar treatment without hygienisation. The differences in treatment temperature, HRT and hygienisation of biowaste prior to digestion did not significantly affect the characteristics of digested material. The concepts according to the ABP-Regulation and Finnish national regulations were effective in destroying salmonella bacteria to an undetectable level.     

马来酸酐对聚酰胺6短纤维/天然橡胶复合材料的增容作用

将马来酸酐直接与天然橡胶混炼，得到的马来酸酐-天然橡胶接枝物既能与聚酰胺6短纤维也能与天然橡胶形成良好的结合，有助于提高短纤维增强橡胶复合材料的物理机械性能。     

Pilot Plant Study of Simultaneous Sewage Sludge Digestion and Metal Leaching

This research is related to a preindustrial pilot scale study of the performance of the simultaneous sewage sludge digestion and metal leaching (SSDML) process for decontamination and stabilization of sewage sludge. Ten batch tests were carried out in two 4?m3 bioreactors under various conditions of operation. Results indicated that the addition of 1.0 to 1.5?g?S0/L, which is the equivalent of approximately 30 to 50?kg?S0 per tons dry sludge, is sufficient to obtain conditions of acidity (pH<2.5) and oxido-reduction potential greater than 500 mV necessary for an effective solubilization of toxic metals. The final average of metal solubilization in the output sludge during the SSDML process varied in the following ranges: 25–78% Cd, 9–32% Cr, 48–100% Cu, 77–99% Mn, 15–53% Ni, 12–47% Pb, and 66–100% Zn. The N, P, and K contents were also preserved in the decontaminated sludge. Moreover, the use of low concentrations of elemental sulfur makes it possible to obtain decontaminated sludge with a low total sulfur content (1.4–1.5% S) compatible with agricultural use. The suspended solids removal calculated for the SSDML process was slightly lower, (2.5±0.4)% volatile suspended solids per day, than those reached using standard aerobic digestion. Finally, the SSDML process was found to be effective in removing bad odors and in the destruction (99–100%) of indicator bacteria.     

层序单元体系域划分及勘探意义

体系域是层序地层学理论体系中的重要概念，在隐蔽油气藏的勘探中，勘探家们极为重视低位体系域。但体系域的成因意义、是否有不同级别层序的体系域以及如何划分，在实际工作中认识不一致。结合勃海湾盆地的勘探实例，分析体系域的成因机制、组合特征和勘探规律，认为：体系域是基准面变化等因素作用的产物，不同级别的层序都发育着与其对应的体系域：一般情况下，三级层序对应的体系域单元与含油气层的规模相匹配，但四级层序对应的体系域才是隐蔽油气藏赋存的有利部位。图5参6。     

Sparse field level set method for non-convex Hamiltonians in 3D plasma etching profile simulations

Level set method [S. Osher, J. Sethian, J. Comput. Phys. 79 (1988) 12] is a highly robust and accurate computational technique for tracking moving interfaces in various application domains. It originates from the idea to view the moving front as a particular level set of a higher dimensional function, so the topological merging and breaking, sharp gradients and cusps can form naturally, and the effects of curvature can be easily incorporated. The resulting equations, describing interface surface evolution, are of Hamilton-Jacobi type and they are solved using techniques developed for hyperbolic equations. In this paper we describe an extension of the sparse field method for solving level set equations in the case of non-convex Hamiltonians, which are common in the simulations of the profile surface evolution during plasma etching and deposition processes. Sparse field method itself, developed by Whitaker [R. Whitaker, Internat. J. Comput. Vision 29 (3) (1998) 203] and broadly used in image processing community, is an alternative to the usual combination of narrow band and fast marching procedures for the computationally effective solving of level set equations. The developed procedure is applied to the simulations of 3D feature profile surface evolution during plasma etching process, that include the effects of ion enhanced chemical etching and physical sputtering, which are the primary causes of the Hamiltonian non-convexity.     

On the effect of spatial variances in historical rainfall time series to CSO performance evaluation.

Historical, high-resolution rain series are the backbone of modern combined sewer overflow (CSO) structure design. These rain series are the input to the computational estimation of the performance of the measures with respect to CSO pollution abatement. However, those historical precipitation measurements are available at only a few locations. Frequently rain series have to be used from gauging stations at a significant distance. In order to judge and to compensate for this influence an estimate between rain characteristics and combined sewer outflow (CSO) performance indicators would be useful. In this paper such correlations have been sought for a collection of 37 rain series covering large areas of Europe. It was found that the mean annual rain volume can explain most of the variances for the performance indicators Number of overflows and CSO volume. For explaining the spatial differences in the efficiency of the CSO structure another rain characteristic, i.e. the maximum event with a return period of one year, is to be used.     

容灾系统中存储方案选择的研究

论文首先阐述了在容灾系统中存储方案的重要性,讨论了存储方案需要考虑的衡量指标,然后介绍了主要的存储方式,根据衡量指标划分了存储方式的特性范围,最后着重研究了容灾系统中存储方案的选择流程,并使用一个实例说明容灾系统中存储方案的选择流程。     

A new polymer electrolyte poly(acrylonitrile)-dimethylsulphoxide-salt for electrochemical capacitors

The PAN-DMSO-Et₄NBF₄ and PAN-DMSO-Et₄NTf (Tf is triflate ion) electrolytes were prepared as white, turbid foils with a thickness in the range of 0.1-0.5 mm, using the casting technique. Room temperature conductance of the electrolytes, detected from ac impedance experiments, was at the level of 8 and 14 mS cm⁻¹ for Et₄NBF₄ and Et₄NTf salts, respectively. The electrochemical stability window of approximately 2.6-2.8 V was estimated using a glassy carbon electrode. Temperature dependence of the conductivity is of the Arrhenius-type for both electrolytes, with an activation energy of approximately 34 kJ mol⁻¹. The double-layer capacitors built with these electrolytes, serving both as separators and activated carbon powder (ACP) binders, showed a specific capacity of 50 F g⁻¹ of carbon material. Capacitors were assembled by sandwiching the PAN-DMSO-salt electrolyte between two PAN-salt-DMSO-ACP-AB electrodes and pressing across the system; the resulting devices had a coin-like shape with 8 mm diameter and thickness between 2.0 and 2.5 mm.     

Vehicle detection by means of stereo vision-based obstacles features extraction and monocular pattern analysis.

This paper presents a stereo vision system for the detection and distance computation of a preceding vehicle. It is divided in two major steps. Initially, a stereo vision-based algorithm is used to extract relevant three-dimensional (3-D) features in the scene, these features are investigated further in order to select the ones that belong to vertical objects only and not to the road or background. These 3-D vertical features are then used as a starting point for preceding vehicle detection; by using a symmetry operator, a match against a simplified model of a rear vehicle's shape is performed using a monocular vision-based approach that allows the identification of a preceding vehicle. In addition, using the 3-D information previously extracted, an accurate distance computation is performed.     

Velocity selective filters recursively implemented in the spatiotemporal domain.

Energy-based methods for motion estimation in image sequences process the input data either in the spatiotemporal or in the frequency domain. In both cases, the algorithms already described in the literature often require a huge number of elementary operations. In this paper, we describe a class of velocity selective filters which yield an accurate detection of the edges moving in the sequence. We first present a filtering scheme based on a convolution operation computed on a finite size neighborhood and describe its properties in the spatiotemporal and frequency domains. Then, we show that filters with similar properties can be implemented recursively, i.e., as convolutions computed on infinite-size neighborhoods. As an example, we finally show the filters' responses in the case of two superimposed translational motions.