Electrocatalysis of Fe-N-C Bonds Driving Reliable Interphase and Fast Kinetics for Phosphorus Anode in Sodium-Ion Batteries

Phosphorus exhibits high capacity and low redox potential, making it a promising anode material for future sodium-ion batteries. However, its practical applications are confined by poor durability and sluggish kinetics. Herein, an innovative in-situ electrochemically self-driven strategy is presented to embed phosphorus nanocrystal (≈10 nm) into a Fe-N-C-rich 3D carbon framework (P/Fe-N-C). This strategy enables rapid and high-capacity sodium ion storage. Through a combination of experimental assistance and theoretical calculations, a novel synergistic catalytic mechanism of Fe-N-C is reasonably proposed. In detail, the electrochemical formation of Fe-N-C catalytic sites facilitates the release of fluorine in ester-based electrolyte, inducing Na⁺-conducting-enhanced solid-electrolyte interphase. Furthermore, it also effectively induces the dissociation energy of the P-P bond and promotes the reaction kinetics of P anode. As a result, the unconventional P/Fe-N-C anode demonstrates outstanding rate-capability (267 mAh g⁻¹ at 100 A g⁻¹) and cycling stability (72%, 10 000 cycles). Notably, the assembled pouch cell achieves high-energy density of 220 Wh kg⁻¹.     

Tetrabutylammonium Bromide Functionalized Ti3C2Tx MXene as Versatile Cathode Buffer Layer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

2D Ti₃C₂T_x MXene, possessing facile preparation, high electrical conductivity, flexibility, and solution processability, shows good application potential for enhancing device performance of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). In this study, tetrabutylammonium bromide functionalized Ti₃C₂T_x (TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x) is developed as cathode buffer layer (CBL) to regulate the PCBM/Ag cathode interfacial property for the first time. By virtue of the charge transfer from TBAB to Ti₃C₂T_x demonstrated by electron paramagnetic resonance and density functional theory, the TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x CBL with high electrical conductivity exhibits significantly reduced work function of 3.9 eV, which enables optimization of energy level alignment and enhancement of charge extraction. Moreover, the TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x CBL can effectively inhibit the migration of iodine ions from perovskite layer to Ag cathode, which synergistically suppresses defect states and reduce charge recombination. Consequently, utilizing MAPbI₃ perovskite without post-treatment, the TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x based device exhibits a dramatically improved power conversion efficiency of 21.65% with significantly improved operational stability, which is one of the best efficiencies reported for the devices based on MAPbI₃/PCBM with different CBLs. These results indicate that TBAB-Ti₃C₂T_x shall be a promising CBL for high-performance inverted PVSCs and inspire the further applications of quaternary ammonium functionalized MXenes in PVSCs.     

A Hybrid Strategy-Based Ultra-Narrow Stretchable Microelectrodes with Cell-Level Resolution

Stretchable ultra-narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra-narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long-term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio-interfacial ultra-narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra-narrow multi-channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser-assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm-width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine-size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes.     

Interfacial Proton Supply/Filtration Regulates the Dynamics of Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction: A Perspective

As a promising energy carrier, ammonia synthesis by electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (eNRR) is a promising green and low-carbon ammonia synthesis strategy that can replace the traditional Haber–Bosch process. However, the development of eNRR processes is mainly severely constrained by competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the corresponding strategies to inhibit this adverse side reaction to obtain high eNRR selectivity are still limited. In addition, for this complex reaction involving gas–liquid–solid three-phase interface and proton/electron transfer, it is great significance to analyze and summarize the existing inhibition HER strategies from the viewpoint of dynamics. In view of this, this work reviews proton supply/filtration regulation strategy in catalytic system, allowing a systematic survey of the literature focusing on interface membrane regulation (inorganic membrane and organic membrane), electrolyte regulation (metal-mediated strategy and electrolyte ion regulation strategy) and system device design (electrode structure design and electrolytic cell device design). Constructive catalytic system design guidance is also suggested to inhibit hydrogen evolution and improve NH₃ selectivity, aiming for scalable and economically feasible applications.     

SPICE模拟纳米技术场效应晶体管圆角效应的建模技术

This paper presents a novel poly(PC)and active(RX)corner rounding modeling approach to SPICE simulations.A set of specially designed structures was used for measurement data collection.PC and RX corner rounding equations have been derived based on an assumption that the corner rounding area is a fragment of a circle.The equations were modified to reflect the gouging effect of physical silicon wafers.The modified general equations were implemented in the SPICE model to enable the model to describe the corner rounding effect.The good fittings between the SPICE model simulation results and the silicon data demonstrated in this paper proved that the designed corner rounding model is practical and accurate.     

采用KPCA和BP神经网络的单目车载红外图像深度估计

提出一种基于监督学习得到深度估计模型的单目车载红外图像深度估计方法。首先用核主成分分析法（KPCA）筛选红外图像特征。将最初提取的红外图像特征用核函数非线性映射到一个线性可分的高维特征空间,再完成主成分分析（PCA）,得到降维后的红外图像特征。然后以BP神经网络为模型基础,对红外图像特征和深度值进行训练,训练后的深度估计模型可对单目车载红外图像的深度分布进行估计。实验结果证明,利用该模型估计的单目车载红外图像的深度信息与原红外图像的深度信息一致。     

基于AT89C51单片机的十进制计算器系统设计

本设计是基于AT89C51单片机进行的十进制计算器系统设计,可以完成计算器的键盘输入,进行加、减、乘、除4位无符号数字的简单四则运算,并在LED上相应的显示结果。硬件方面从功能考虑,首先选择内部存储资源丰富的AT89C51单片机,输入采用4×4矩阵键盘。显示采用4位7段共阳极LED动态显示。软件方面从分析计算器功能、流程图设计,再到程序的编写进行系统设计。     

激光冲击调整5B05铝合金残余应力状态的模拟仿真

开展了激光冲击波调整表面残余应力(主应力)状态的模拟仿真与实验研究。以ABAQUS为平台,建立了激光冲击5B05铝合金的有限元分析模型,研究了激光冲击参数对5B05铝合金激光冲击处理残余应力场的影响。模拟结果表明:随着冲击次数的增加,表层残余压应力逐渐增大,当冲击次数为3次时,增加并不明显,说明表面峰值残余压应力趋于饱和;在冲击压力一定的条件下,表面残余应力随光斑直径增大而增大,半径增加至一定程度后表面峰值残余压应力增幅会达到最小,基本保持不变。通过实验与模拟结果对比发现,尽管实验值与模拟结果存在一定的误差,但总体趋势一致,说明建立有限元模拟模型结构有效可行。     

基于频谱位移模块的环境声音识别方法

针对卷积操作只能提取局部频谱信息,不能有效地挖掘频谱之间相关信息的问题,提出了一种基于频谱位移模块的神经网络。该网络采用密集卷积神经网络的架构,并在支路上使用频谱位移模块实现频谱信息之间的交互。利用这种频谱移位取代了频谱间的下采样操作,实现了频谱的全局化特征提取,同时避免了下采样过程中信息的丢失,进一步地提高了频谱特征图质量。并在公开的数据集ESC10和ESC50上验证频谱位移密集模块,在两种数据集的分类准确度分别达到了96.00%和88.75%,与原有的网络相比准确度分别提升了2.1%和2.25%。实验结果表明,和现有的其他卷积神经网络方法相比,所提出的网络能够更好有效地挖掘全局时频信息,具有更高的识别准确率。     

基于纳米流控技术的页岩储层微观流体特征研究进展

页岩储层的孔隙尺寸主体是纳米级,在纳米尺度下流体的流动机理和相态特征受到尺度效应和壁面效应的显著影响而偏离经典理论描述,致使常规油气藏中的流体特征认知不完全适用于页岩油气藏,从根源上制约着页岩油气的高效开发。因此,明确页岩储层在纳米孔隙尺度下的微观流体特征具有显著的科学意义和工程价值。纳米流控技术具备纳米级孔隙精准制备和原位可视化检测的特点,为页岩油气微观渗流与相态特征的研究提供了全新的实验视角,也为纳米尺度下流体特征的理论研究提供了实验依据。对纳米流控实验技术进行了介绍,并回顾了基于该技术在纳米尺度下油气水的单相及两相流动规律、单组分烃及多组分烃相态特征、扩散与混相过程,以及页岩储层微观物理模型的最新研究进展,重点梳理了页岩储层微观流体特征的纳米流控实验研究方法、实验结果以及与理论研究间的对照情况。同时指出了当前纳米流控技术在研究页岩储层微观流体特征中存在的不足,展望了今后的发展方向。