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51.
52.
Zhihui Zhang Bing Q. Han Kyung H. Chung Enrique J. Lavernia 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2006,37(7):2265-2273
The current study aims to provide fundamental insight into the behavior of microstructures containing grain sizes that span
multiple length scales. A commercial 5083 Al alloy was selected as the material of interest to facilitate comparison with
recently published data. The materials studied here were prepared via the thermal consolidation of powders that were cryomilled
for different times (i.e., 0, 2, 4, and 8 hours). Following consolidation, the resultant microstructure was characterized by an equiaxed grain morphology
with a size distribution centered around 200∼300 nm. Dispersed among the 200- to 300-nm grains were coarse-grained regions
or ligaments with a grain size ranging from 600 nm to 2 μm. The occurrence of coarse-grained regions is rationalized on the
basis of recrystallization or subgrain coarsening, whereas the occurrence of equiaxed fine regions is proposed to be a result
of continuous grain growth. Two types of microstructures were selected for study, containing coarse-grained volumes of approximately
28 pct and 43 pct that corresponded to an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 566 MPa and 535 MPa, and a fracture strain of
3.2 pct and 3.5 pct, respectively. The observed ductility and the relevant toughening mechanisms were discussed in light of
the presence of multiple length scales. 相似文献
53.
Bing Q. Han Farghalli A. Mohamed Enrique J. Lavernia 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(1):71-83
In the present study, the mechanical properties of Fe processed via severe plastic deformation (equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP)) at room temperature were investigated for the first time.
The grain size of annealed Fe, with an initial grain size of about 200 μm, was reduced drastically during ECAP. After eight passes, the grain size reaches 200 to 400 nm, as documented by means of
transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The value of microhardness during pressing increases 3 times over that of the starting
material after the first pass and increases slightly during subsequent pressing for higher-purity Fe. Examination of the value
of microhardness after eight passes as a function of post-ECAP annealing temperature shows a transition from recovery to recrystallization,
an observation that resembles the behavior reported for heavily deformed metals and alloys. The tensile and compression behaviors
were examined. In tension, a drop in the engineering stress-engineering strain curve beyond maximum load was observed both
in the annealed Fe and the ECAP Fe. This drop is related to the neck deformation. The fracture surface, examined by scanning
electron microscopy (SEM), shows vein patterns, which is different from the dimples found on the fracture surface of annealed
Fe. In compression, an initial strain-hardening region followed by a no-strain-hardening region was observed in the ECAP Fe.
The yield strength in tension of the ECAP Fe was observed to be higher than that in compression. The strengthening mechanisms
and softening behavior are discussed. 相似文献
54.
H. Tsukamoto T.D. Boone J. Han J.M. Woodall 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(7):1411-1413
We present a novel optical switching technique utilizing emission packet positioning of semiconductor heterostructure. A modulation-doped p-AlGaAs-GaAs heterostructure is employed to control spontaneous emission packet positioning with electric fields. Emission packets generated by optical input signals are brought over 150 /spl mu/m with electric fields, so the output fibers can detect the emission intensity as signals. The first-order analysis indicates that the drift velocity of minority electrons in GaAs limits the detectable maximum data rate and nanoseconds timescale signal routing operation at 20 Gb/s is possible at an electron drift velocity of 2/spl times/10/sup 7/ cm/s. 相似文献
55.
56.
Yoon Carolyn; Feinberg Fred; Hu Ping; Gutchess Angela Hall; Hedden Trey; Chen Hiu-Ying Mary; Jing Qicheng; Cui Yao; Park Denise C. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,19(3):379
Understanding how aging influences cognition across different cultures has been hindered by a lack of standardized, cross-referenced verbal stimuli. This study introduces a database of such item-level stimuli for both younger and older adults, in China and the United States, and makes 3 distinct contributions. First, the authors specify which item categories generalize across age and/or cultural groups, rigorously quantifying differences among them. Second, they introduce novel, powerful methods to measure between-group differences in freely generated ranked data, the rank-ordered logit model and Hellinger Affinity. Finally, a broad archive of tested, cross-linguistic stimuli is now freely available to researchers: data, similarity measures, and all stimulus materials for 105 categories and 4 culture-by-age groups, comprising over 10,000 fully translated unique item responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
57.
We present a systematic, empirical design technique to obtain optimum broadband impedance, axial-ratio (AR) and gain bandwidths for a singly-fed electromagnetically coupled patch antenna for circular polarization. Our investigation has also revealed tradeoffs amongst obtainable AR, impedance bandwidth and AR bandwidth. Using two design examples at different frequency bands and for different senses of circular polarization, we have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed knowledge-based tuning method. We have obtained at C-band measured values of impedance bandwidth (VSWR/spl les/2) equal to 43%, 3-dB AR bandwidth of 8%, AR of less than 0.3 dB and a mean gain level of 7 dB. For the Ku-band element, a 40% impedance bandwidth and a 17.3% of 3-dB AR bandwidth have been obtained with a peak gain of 7.2 dBic. 相似文献
58.
Wei-Hua Guo Yong-Zhen Huang Chun-Lin Han Li-Juan Yu 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》2003,39(6):716-721
To improve the accuracy of measured gain spectra, which is usually limited by the resolution of the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA), a deconvolution process based on the measured spectrum of a narrow linewidth semiconductor laser is applied in the Fourier transform method. The numerical simulation shows that practical gain spectra can be resumed by the Fourier transform method with the deconvolution process. Taking the OSA resolution to be 0.06, 0.1, and 0.2 nm, the gain-reflectivity product spectra with the difference of about 2% are obtained for a 1550-nm semiconductor laser with the cavity length of 720 /spl mu/m. The spectra obtained by the Fourier transform method without the deconvolution process and the Hakki-Paoli method are presented and compared. The simulation also shows that the Fourier transform method has less sensitivity to noise than the Hakki-Paoli method. 相似文献
59.
60.
J. C. Clark G. G. Ihas M. Reghu C. O. Yoon A. J. Heeger Y. Cao 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》1995,101(3-4):605-610
Advances in the synthesis of organic conducting polymer systems has increased the electrical conductivity of these systems by several orders of magnitude in the last decade. Several practical applications are envisioned for such systems, but a thorough understanding of the conduction mechanisms and identification of the charge carriers is lacking, making design and implementation for bulk synthesis difficult. In order to clarify our understanding of the electrical properties of these systems, the resistivity and magnetoresistivity of various polymers doped near the metal - insulator transition, such as polyaniline protonated by camphor sulfonic acid (PANi-CSA) and polypyrrole doped with PF6 (PPy-PF6), have been studied down to 25 mK in magnetic fields up to 16 T. 相似文献