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排序方式: 共有812条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Carbon Nanotube–CoF2 Multifunctional Cathode for Lithium Ion Batteries: Effect of Electrolyte on Cycle Stability
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Xinran Wang Wentian Gu Jung Tae Lee Naoki Nitta Jim Benson Alexandre Magasinski Mark W. Schauer Gleb Yushin 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,11(38):5164-5173
Transition metal fluorides (MFx) offer remarkably high theoretical energy density. However, the low cycling stability, low electrical and ionic conductivity of metal fluorides have severely limited their applications as conversion‐type cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. Here, a scalable and low‐cost strategy is reported on the fabrication of multifunctional cobalt fluoride/carbon nanotube nonwoven fabric nanocomposite, which demonstrates a combination of high capacity (near‐theoretical, ) and excellent mechanical properties. Its strength and modulus of toughness exceed that of many aluminum alloys, cast iron, and other structural materials, fulfilling the use of MFx‐based materials in batteries with load‐bearing capabilities. In the course of this study, cathode dissolution in conventional electrolytes has been discovered as the main reason that leads to the rapid growth of the solid electrolyte interphase layer and attributes to rapid cell degradation. And such largely overlooked degradation mechanism is overcome by utilizing electrolyte comprising a fluorinated solvent, which forms a protective ionically conductive layer on the cathode and anode surfaces. With this approach, 93% capacity retention is achieved after 200 cycles at the current density of 100 mA g−1 and over 50% after 10 000 cycles at the current density of 1000 mA g−1. 相似文献
72.
Supachai Ngamsinlapasathian Thammanoon Sreethawong Yoshikazu Suzuki Susumu Yoshikawa 《Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells》2006,90(14):2129-2140
The effects of indium tin oxide (ITO) and ITO/SnO2 conducting substrates on photovoltaic properties of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) using nanocrystalline TiO2 were studied. The decrease in fill factor of the DSCs was correlated to the increase in resistance of conducting substrate. The heat stability of ITO conducting glass was improved by depositing SnO2 on ITO layer. The efficiency of the cells using double layered ITO/SnO2 substrate remarkably increased comparing with that of the cells using ITO substrates. It is worth mentioning that increasing in sintering time, which enhanced the electronic contact between substrate and TiO2, also modified the cell performance of MP-TiO2 cells. Our experimental finding suggests that 3000 Å ITO substrate, which was covered by 1000 Å SnO2 layer, exhibited the best properties for the DSCs. 相似文献
73.
This paper presents a study on the effect of inhomogeneous compression of gas diffusion layer (GDL) caused by the channel/rib structure of flow-field plate. The experimentally evaluated properties are GDL intrusion into the channel, gas permeability, in-plane and through-plane bulk electric conductivities, and contact resistances at interfaces as a function of compressed thickness of GDL. It was found that the GDL is compressed very little under the channel whereas GDL under the rib is compressed to gasket thickness. The compression of GDL reduces gas permeability and contact resistance, and improves bulk conductivity. Hence, the inhomogeneous compression of GDL may lead into significant local variation of mass and charge transport properties in the GDL. These effects have been ignored in most of the published modeling studies. This contribution, part I, covers the experimental setup and measurement results, and a model which takes the inhomogeneous compression of GDL into account is presented in part II. 相似文献
74.
Mizue Kuriyagawa Takanobu Kawamura Shunichi Hayashi Koh-hei Nitta 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(5):1264-1271
The mechanical yielding behavior of the shape memory polyurethane (SMP) and its composite samples were investigated to verify
the effect of addition of hindered phenol. The composite samples were prepared using SMP as matrix and hindered phenol (AO-80)
as filler, and then tensile tests were carried out at a range of temperatures and with different fixed crosshead speeds. According
to the tensile data at 25 °C, the yield stress was increased by adding AO-80. In terms of the Eyring theory, the activation
volume of deformation units decreased with increase of the amount of AO-80 added. This is because the packing of the hard
segments is enhanced by addition of AO-80. Consequently, it was suggested that the yield process is caused by the rotation
of hard segment domains within the deformed plastic domains composed of glassy soft segments. 相似文献
75.
Synthesis of non-equilibrium phases in immiscible metals mechanically mixed by high pressure torsion
Tatsuya Miyazaki Daisuke Terada Yoji Miyajima Challapalli Suryanarayana Reiko Murao Yoshihiko Yokoyama Kazumasa Sugiyama Minoru Umemoto Yoshikazu Todaka Nobuhiro Tsuji 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(12):4296-4301
The structural changes in mechanically mixed metals of immiscible combinations of elements caused by bulk mechanical alloying
(MA) through the use of high pressure torsion (HPT) were investigated in Ag–Ni and Nb–Zr systems. There was no alloying between
Ag and Ni on atomic scale even after 100 rotations of HPT. On the other hand, the β-Zr phase started to appear after HPT 2
rotations in the Nb–Zr system, even though β-Zr is a high temperature phase. Further, Nb and Zr were completely mixed to form
a bcc structured single phase after HPT 100 rotations. The sequence of alloying in the Nb–Zr system during HPT was discussed.
These results clearly suggest that non-equilibrium phases can form in the Nb–Zr system by bulk MA by the use of HPT. 相似文献
76.
77.
The effect of inhomogeneous compression of GDL on the mass and charge transfer in PEMFC is studied. The model utilizes experimentally evaluated GDL parameters as a function of thickness. The modeling results are compared with a conventional model that excludes the effects. As a result, it is shown that the inhomogeneous compression has a significant effect on the current density distribution because of the varying contact resistance between GDL and electrode. This also implies that there are possible hot spots occurring inside the electrode, and thus inhomogeneous compression can have significant effects on the lifetime and local performance of the cell. According to the achieved results, the inhomogeneous compression of GDL cannot be neglected. 相似文献
78.
79.
K Kyoshima S Kobayashi J Nitta M Osawa H Shigeta F Nakagawa 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,140(9):933-942
OBJECTIVE: To determine the differential effects of parental major depression (MDD) on psychopathology of childhood, adolescent, and early-adult onset in offspring. METHOD: One hundred eighty-two offspring from 91 families in which one or more parents or neither parent had MDD were followed for more than 10 years and blindly reassessed by means of a structured diagnostic instrument. RESULTS: Parental MDD is associated with increased risk in offspring of childhood-onset MDD (eightfold), anxiety disorder (threefold), conduct disorder (fivefold), and early-adult-onset MDD (fivefold) but not adolescent-onset MDD, where there is a marked increase in risk, particularly in girls, regardless of parental diagnosis. These findings were not explained by parental comorbidity, but the association with MDD was explained by parental age at onset of MDD--there was a 13-fold increase in childhood-onset MDD and a 7-fold increase in adult-onset MDD in offspring of parents with MDD of early (before age 30 years) onset. CONCLUSION: Childhood- and early-adult-onset MDD may be etiologically homogeneous and familial subtypes. The reason for the high incidence of adolescent-onset MDD, particularly in girls, regardless of parental diagnosis, needs to be determined. The childhood offspring of depressed parents are a potential target for evaluation, especially when the parent had an early-onset depression. 相似文献
80.