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31.
This paper describes techniques for the on-chip measurement of high-frequency and/or high-bandwidth electrical phenomena in ultra large-scale integration environments. The techniques rely on the integration of multiple compact and robust electronic test devices, or cores, at various locations within an integrated circuit. The cores consist primarily of signal generators that approximate the output of a sigma-delta modulator using finite repetitious bit patterns and a small set of highly robust analog components. They are capable of digitizing on-chip signals at gigahertz rates even using low-cost manufacturing processes. Simple communication between the multiple cores enables the migration of many "board-level" type measurements down to the chip level. 相似文献
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High-efficiency LEDs of 1.6–2.4 µm spectral range for medical diagnostics and environment monitoring
N. D. Stoyanov B. E. Zhurtanov A. P. Astakhova A. N. Imenkov Yu. P. Yakovlev 《Semiconductors》2003,37(8):971-984
High efficient LED structures covering the spectral range of 1.6–2.4 μm have been developed on the basis of GaSb and its solid
solutions. The electroluminescent characteristics and their temperature and current dependences have been studied. The radiative
and nonradiative recombination mechanisms and their effect on the quantum efficiency have been investigated. A quantum efficiency
of 40–60% has been obtained in the quasi-steady mode at room temperature. A short-pulse optical power of 170 mW was reached.
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Translated from Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, Vol. 37, No. 8, 2003, pp. 996–1009.
Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2003 by Stoyanov, Zhurtanov, Astakhova, Imenkov, Yakovlev. 相似文献
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Sanchez-Lopez S. Sole-Pareta J. Comellas J. Soldatos J. Kylafas G. Jaeger M. 《Lightwave Technology, Journal of》2003,21(11):2673-2682
Much effort has been spent on the definition of control plane protocols for automatically switched optical networks (ASON). Most of the proposals brought into the standardization for an International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Sector, Internet Engineering Task Force, and Optical Internetworking Forum are based on Internet protocol concepts. One such proposal is the generalized multi-protocol label switching (GMPLS), an extension of the MPLS traffic engineering control plane model that includes nonpacket switched technologies (time, wavelength, and fiber switching). Recently, the potential use of private network-network interface (PNNI) in ASONs has been discussed as an alternative proposal by the standardization bodies. The goal of this paper is to appropriately adapt asynchronous transfer mode into an optical PNNI (O-PNNI) protocol that can be used as the control plane of ASONs. The paper also provides a critical viewpoint on the potential usage of either O-PNNI or GMPLS control plane and analyzes the pros and cons of each. The methodology adopted toward devising O-PNNI hinges on reviewing PNNI along with ASON recommendations in order to determine the set of PNNI features that require adaptation. Having identified these features we engineer and present appropriate solutions relating to routing, signaling and addressing aspects. 相似文献
37.
A fuzzy logic based-method for prognostic decision making in breast and prostate cancers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Seker H. Odetayo M.O. Petrovic D. Naguib R.N.G. 《IEEE transactions on information technology in biomedicine》2003,7(2):114-122
Accurate and reliable decision making in oncological prognosis can help in the planning of suitable surgery and therapy, and generally, improve patient management through the different stages of the disease. In recent years, several prognostic markers have been used as indicators of disease progression in oncology. However, the rapid increase in the discovery of novel prognostic markers resulting from the development in medical technology, has dictated the need for developing reliable methods for extracting clinically significant markers where complex and nonlinear interactions between these markers naturally exist. The aim of this paper is to investigate the fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (FK-NN) classifier as a fuzzy logic method that provides a certainty degree for prognostic decision and assessment of the markers, and to compare it with: 1) logistic regression as a statistical method and 2) multilayer feedforward backpropagation neural networks an artificial neural-network tool, the latter two techniques having been widely used for oncological prognosis. In order to achieve this aim, breast and prostate cancer data sets are considered as benchmarks for this analysis. The overall results obtained indicate that the FK-NN-based method yields the highest predictive accuracy, and that it has produced a more reliable prognostic marker model than both the statistical and artificial neural-network-based methods. 相似文献
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WCDMA作为第三代移动通信系统的主流标准,能够提供多种类型的多媒体服务。为了实现各种用户平面数据的传输,系统会提前通过控制平面对所需的无线资源进行分配。由于配置过程是通过接口之间发送控制平面应用协议消息来实现的,因此能否正确有效地对信令消息进行编解码成为保证系统稳定工作的关键因素。3GPP标准中,ASN.1语言被用来描述接口信令消息。首先简要介绍了WCDMA系统结构以及主要接口协议,重点描述了ASN.1存在的意义及其编解码规则,最后给出了基于ASN.1的开发环境下应用层网络协议的开发流程。 相似文献
40.
The Boundary Element Method (BEM) incorporating the Embedded Cell Approach (ECA) has been used to analyse the effects of constituent material properties, fibre spatial distribution and microcrack damage on the localised behaviour of transversely fractured, unidirectional fibre-reinforced composites. Three specific composites, i.e., glass fibre reinforced polyester, carbon fibre reinforced epoxy and a glass-carbon hybrid, are considered. The geometrical structures examined were perfectly periodic, uniformly spaced fibre arrangements in square and hexagonal embedded cells. In addition, numerical simulations were also conducted using embedded cells containing randomly distributed fibres. The models involve both elastic fibres and matrix, with the interfaces between the different phases being fully bonded. The results indicate that the constituent material properties (two phase composite) and spatial distribution have a significant effect on the localised stress distributions around the primary crack tip. However, the strain energy release rate associated with crack propagation is predominantly influenced by the material composition. The three-phase hybrid composite exhibited an apparent intermediate fracture toughness value, compared to the all-glass and all-carbon models. Furthermore, the strain energy release rate for the macrocrack lowers as it enters a zone of localised damage (microcracking). The presence of microcracks relaxes the stress field, which can result in a significant reduction in the energetics of the primary crack. 相似文献