The accumulation-mode field-effect transistor: a new ultralowon-resistance MOSFET

An ultralow specific on-resistance, vertical channel, power MOSFET structure, based on current conduction via an accumulation layer formed on the surface of a trench (UMOS) gate structure, is described. Two-dimensional numerical simulations and experimental results have been obtained, demonstrating that a specific on-resistance approaching 100 μΩ-cm² can be obtained for a silicon device capable of blocking 25 V     

In Vivo Sequestration of Innate Small Molecules to Promote Bone Healing

Approaches that enable innate repair mechanisms hold great potential for tissue repair. Herein, biomaterial-assisted sequestration of small molecules is described to localize pro-regenerative signaling at the injury site. Specifically, a synthetic biomaterial containing boronate molecules is designed to sequester adenosine, a small molecule ubiquitously present in the human body. The biomaterial-assisted sequestration of adenosine leverages the transient surge of extracellular adenosine following injury to prolong local adenosine signaling. It is demonstrated that implantation of the biomaterial patch following injury establishes an in situ stockpile of adenosine, resulting in accelerated healing by promoting both osteoblastogenesis and angiogenesis. The adenosine content within the patch recedes to the physiological level as the tissue regenerates. In addition to sequestering endogenous adenosine, the biomaterial is also able to deliver exogenous adenosine to the site of injury, offering a versatile solution to utilizing adenosine as a potential therapeutic for tissue repair.     

Vitamin B Mitigates Thoracic Aortic Dilation in Marfan Syndrome Mice by Restoring the Canonical TGF-β Pathway

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) formation is a multifactorial process that results in diverse clinical manifestations and drug responses. Identifying the critical factors and their functions in Marfan syndrome (MFS) pathogenesis is important for exploring personalized medicine for MFS. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), methionine synthase (MTR), and methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) polymorphisms have been correlated with TAA severity in MFS patients. However, the detailed relationship between the folate-methionine cycle and MFS pathogenesis remains unclear. Fbn1^C1039G/+ mice were reported to be a disease model of MFS. To study the role of the folate-methionine cycle in MFS, Fbn1^C1039G/+ mice were treated orally with methionine or vitamin B mixture (VITB), including vitamins B6, B9, and B12, for 20 weeks. VITB reduced the heart rate and circumference of the ascending aorta in Fbn1^C1039G/+ mice. Our data showed that the Mtr and Smad4 genes were suppressed in Fbn1^C1039G/+ mice, while VITB treatment restored the expression of these genes to normal levels. Additionally, VITB restored canonical transforming-growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling and promoted Loxl1-mediated collagen maturation in aortic media. This study provides a potential method to attenuate the pathogenesis of MFS that may have a synergistic effect with drug treatments for MFS patients.     

大气湍流影响星地相干激光通信的数值仿真

由于解析法在研究相干光通信的相位补偿等问题中存在困难,采用多层相位屏分步传输的数值仿真方法研究大气湍流对星地相干光通信下行传输的影响。首先建立了卫星地面之间的大气湍流中激光传输的仿真模型,可以实现不同天顶角和不同湍流条件下的光传输仿真计算。然后用其进行地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星下行光通信的数值仿真分析,并通过与理论值的对比来检验算法的可靠性。最后结合二进制相移键控(binary phase shift keying, BPSK)相干激光通信系统的误码率（bit error rate, BER）模型,计算分析了下行激光通信信号的衰落系数和BER。     

基于多区域联合粒子滤波的人体运动跟踪

针对视频人体运动跟踪中的遮挡问题, 提出了一种基于多区域联合粒子滤波器的跟踪方法. 算法把人体划分为多个关键区域, 通过基于多区域无向图的联合运动模型, 构造联合粒子滤波器, 并运用区域关联的观测评估策略对目标状态进行联合预测, 从而完成遮挡情况下目标的跟踪. 实验结果表明, 与基于单区域粒子滤波的跟踪方法相比, 本文提出的算法在具有较长时间部分和全部遮挡的跟踪问题上, 取得了较好的实验结果.     

Fuzzy Weirstrass theorem and convex fuzzy mappings

The convexity and continuity of fuzzy mappings are defined through a linear ordering and a metric on the set of fuzzy numbers. The local-global minimum property of real-valued convex functions is extended to convex fuzzy mappings. It is proved that a strict local minimizer of a quasiconvex fuzzy mapping is also a strict global minimizer. Characterizations for convex fuzzy mappings and quasiconvex fuzzy mappings are given. In addition, the Weirstrass theorem is extended from real-valued functions to fuzzy mappings.     

悬浮空间中的触觉反馈在多对象选择任务中的作用

在触控交互中,缺少触觉反馈会造成用户操作水平的降低和用户体验的下降.前人研究对在触控交互中增加触觉反馈这一方法进行了探索.然而,由于现有触摸屏技术仅能在用户点击屏幕后检测用户手指的位置,触觉反馈也只能在用户点击屏幕之后发挥作用.新的传感技术可以在触摸屏上方的悬浮空间(hover space)内提前检测到手指的位置.利用多对象选择任务(multi-target pointing task)比较了在悬浮空间中增加4种反馈方式对用户操作水平和用户体验的影响.实验结果显示,增加的点击振动反馈受到了用户的普遍青睐.然而,增加的触觉反馈对于用户的操作效率和正确率却没有影响.根据这些结果和前人的研究,提出了在悬浮空间中增加触觉反馈的设计建议.     

速度驱动的复杂场景多层级力觉交互算法

触/力觉交互技术应用环境的复杂化,对复杂触/力觉场景的研究提出了新的挑战.文中以虚拟现实牙科手术训练系统为背景,研究基于速度驱动的复杂场景多层级力觉交互算法.文中采用CATIA对下牙列大量数据进行网格简化,建立了下牙列场景的层次细节(Levels Of Detail,LOD)模型;基于人类触觉感知的精度随交互速度的变化规律,设计了速度驱动的LOD模型触发机制;提出了虚拟工具化身SCP(Surface Contact Point)层级映射算法,保证了力觉交互设备的稳定性,并发现了映射约束线段的长度是保证力觉逼真性及实时性协调的关键变量;最后,设计了针对一般儿何体和复杂曲面的实验,量化评价文中算法的逼真性及实时性,证明了将人手运动速度作为场景模型复杂度切换驱动条件的有效性.     

Application of electrolyzed oxidizing water on the reduction of bacterial contamination for seafood

For reducing bacterial contamination, electrolyzed oxidizing water (EO water) has been used to reduce microbial population on seafood and platform of fish retailer. The specimens of tilapia were inoculated with Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and then soaked into EO water for up to 10 min. EO water achieved additional 0.7 log CFU/cm² reduction than tap water on E. coli after 1 min treatment and additional treatment time did not achieved additional reduction. EO water treatment also reduced V. parahaemolyticus, by 1.5 log CFU/cm² after 5 min treatment and achieved 2.6 log CFU/cm² reduction after 10 min. The pathogenic bacteria were not detected in EO water after soaking treatment. In addition, EO water could effectively disinfect the platform of fish retailer in traditional markets and fish markets.     

High Mobility Group Box 1 Promotes Lung Cancer Cell Migration and Motility via Regulation of Dynamin-Related Protein 1

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been demonstrated to promote the migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanism of action of HMGB1 in regulating tumor mobility remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether HMGB1 affects mitochondria distribution and regulates dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1)-mediated lamellipodia/filopodia formation to promote NSCLC migration. The regulation of mitochondrial membrane tension, dynamics, polarization, fission process, and cytoskeletal rearrangements in lung cancer cells by HMGB1 was analyzed using confocal microscopy. The HMGB1-mediated regulation of DRP1 phosphorylation and colocalization was determined using immunostaining and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The tumorigenic potential of HMGB1 was assessed in vivo and further confirmed using NSCLC patient samples. Our results showed that HMGB1 increased the polarity and mobility of cells (mainly by regulating the cytoskeletal system actin and microtubule dynamics and distribution), promoted the formation of lamellipodia/filopodia, and enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of DRP1 in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. In addition, HMGB1 and DRP1 expressions were positively correlated and exhibited poor prognosis and survival in patients with lung cancer. Collectively, HMGB1 plays a key role in the formation of lamellipodia and filopodia by regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and DRP1 expression to promote lung cancer migration.