白芷粗多糖的提取工艺优化及辐照对其含量和活性的影响

目的 本文以食药同源白芷为材料,优化水提醇沉白芷粗多糖的工艺,并研究高能电子束辐照对其含量、抗氧化活性和抑菌活性的影响。方法 在单因素的试验基础上进行三因素三水平的Box-Benhnken中心组合试验,得到白芷粗多糖最优水提醇沉工艺;紫外-可见分光光度法测定经不同剂量高能电子速辐照后白芷的粗多糖含量和清除·OH、DPPH·自由基的能力;菌饼法测定各辐照剂量处理下白芷粗多糖对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌和希瓦氏菌的抑制能力。结果 白芷粗多糖的最优水浴提取工艺为温度100 ℃、时间3 h、液料比60 mL·/g-1,此条件下,粗多糖提取率可达到8.02%。高能电子束辐照剂量为0、1、3 kGy时,白芷粗多糖含量差异不显著（P>0.05）;5-25 kGy辐照组含量差异显著（P>0.05）,随着辐照剂量的增加含量上升,最高可达到17.62%。辐照会明显降低白芷粗多糖对·OH、DPPH·自由基的清除能力,且不同辐照剂量下的白芷粗多糖的清除能力差异显著（P<0.05）。5、7 kGy辐照会升高白芷粗多糖对菌落的抑制能力,其余剂量辐照会降低其抑菌活性。结论 高能电子束可以用于白芷辐照加工,为不影响粗多糖含量与活性,辐照剂量应为5 kGy。     

Resistive switching characteristics of ytterbium oxide thin film for nonvolatile memory application

This paper studies the effects of both the positive and negative forming processes on the resistive switching characteristics of a Pt/Yb₂O₃/TiN RRAM device. The polarity of the forming process can determine the transition mechanism, either bipolar or unipolar. Bipolar behavior exists after the positive forming process, while unipolar behavior exists after the negative forming process. Furthermore, the bipolar switching characteristics of the Pt/Yb₂O₃/TiN device can be affected by using a reverse polarity forming treatment, which not only reduces the set and reset voltage, but also improves the on/off ratio.     

Large scale single-crystal Cu(In,Ga)Se2 nanotip arrays for high efficiency solar cell

In this paper, we demonstrated direct formation of large area Cu(In,Ga)Se(2) nanotip arrays (CIGS NTRs) by using one step Ar(+) milling process without template. By controlling milling time and incident angles, the length of CIGS NTRs with adjustable tilting orientations can be precisely controlled. Formation criteria of these CIGS NTRs have been discussed in terms of surface curvature, multiple components, and crystal quality, resulting in a highly anisotropic milling effect. The CIGS NTRs have very low reflectance <0.1% at incident wavelengths between 300 to 1200 nm. Open circuit voltage and short circuit current of CIGS NTRs solar cell were measured to be ～390 mV and ～22.56 mA/cm(2), yielding the filling factor and the efficiency of 59 and 5.2%, respectively. In contrast to CIGS thin film solar cell with efficiency of 3.2%, the nanostructured CIGS NTRs can have efficiency enhancement of ～160% due to the higher light absorption ability because of the nanostructure. The merits of current approach include the latest way via template-free direct creating process of nanostructured CIGS NTRs with controllable dimensionality and large scale production without postselenization process.     

金枪鱼暗色肉复合酶解对其溶解特性的影响研究

目的通过复合酶解手段提高暗色肉水解产物的溶解特性。方法在确定复合酶的种类和比例基础上迚行单因素实验,研究不同酶解时间、温度、酶添加量及初始pH对酶解产物水解度、溶解特性的影响。综合分析后,选定每种变量中酶解效果较好的3组水平,迚行4因素3水平的正交实验。结果以溶解特性为指标,优化金枪鱼暗色肉酶解工艺参数,研究结果表明,采用胰蛋白酶:中性蛋白酶=2:1的复合酶,酶解时间70min,温度45℃,酶添加量3500U/g,初始pH6.5时,酶解效果最佳。结论本研究为探索金枪鱼暗色肉酶解产物的其他特性提供了参考。     

Classical atomistic simulations of surfaces and heterogeneous interfaces with the charge-optimized many body (COMB) potentials

Interest in atomic scale computational simulations of multi-phase systems has grown as our ability to simulate nanometer-sized systems has become commonplace. The recently developed charge optimized many body potential (COMB) potentials have significantly enhanced the atomic-scale simulation of heterogeneous material systems, including chemical reactions at surfaces and the physical properties of interfaces. The COMB formalism, which merges variable charge electrostatic interactions with a classical analytical potential, has the capacity to adaptively model metallic, covalent, ionic and van der Waals bonding in the same simulation cell and dynamically determine the charges according to the local environment. Presented here is the theoretical background and evolution of the COMB potential family. The parameterization of the potential is described for several metals, ceramics, a semiconductor, and hydrocarbons, with the intent that the final parameter sets are consistent among materials. The utility of this approach is illustrated with several examples that explore the structure, stability, and mechanical and thermal properties of metallic systems and metal-ceramic and semi-conductor oxide interfaces, including surfaces and/or interfaces of copper and cuprite, copper and silica, silicon and silica, silicon and hafnia, and copper and zinc oxide. The potential is also applied to the simulation of atomic scale processes such as early stage oxidation of copper surfaces, tensile test of polycrystalline zirconium, and hyper-thermal deposition of ethyl radicals on selected copper surfaces.     

溶剂吸收-气质联用法测定蔬菜和粮谷中代森铵残留

目的建立一种测定蔬菜和粮谷中代森铵残留量的溶剂吸收-气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatographymass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用测定法。方法样品在氯化亚锡盐酸溶液中加热反应,生成二硫化碳气体经正己烷吸收,用气质联用仪测定。结果添加代森铵浓度水平为0.03、0.3、0.6mg/kg,平均回收率在75.7%~91.0%,相对标准偏差在4.2%~9.1%,定量限为0.03mg/kg。结论建立的方法灵敏度高,特异性好,为农产品中二硫代氨基甲酸酯类农药残留量监测提供又一可靠的测定方法选择。     

The glycerol and ethanol production kinetics in low-temperature wine fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast strains

Increasing glycerol production in low-temperature wine fermentation is of concern for winemakers to improve the quality of wines. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 10 different Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the kinetics of production of glycerol, ethanol and the activities of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in low-temperature fermentation. Ethanol production was influenced by temperature, and it was slightly higher at 13 °C than at 25 °C. Glycerol yields were significantly affected by both temperature and strains. More glycerol was produced at 25 °C than at 13 °C because the activity of GPD was higher at 25 °C than at 13 °C. Glycerol production of the different yeast strains was up to 3.19 and 3.18 g L⁻¹ at 25 and 13 °C, respectively. Therefore, isolating the yeast strains with high glycerol production and adaptation to low-temperature fermentation is still the best method in winemaking.     

Magnetic field enhancement of high-Tc superconducting pancake coils by Mu metal sheets

High permeability ring-shaped mu metal sheets have been used to enhance magnetic fields in the bore of Bi-based high-T _c superconducting coils. The central magnetic fieldB ₀, generated by pancake coils placed between mu metal sheets, was measured at liquid nitrogen temperature 77 K. The increasing rate (IR) of the central magnetic fieldB ₀ for single pancake coils was from 15 to 63% by using a 0.1 mm thick mu metal sheet. IR was decreased when the originalB ₀ value increased. The thickness of mu metal sheets also affected IR. It was found that IR increased as the number of mu metal sheets was increased. In a test double-pancake coil IR reached 101%,B ₀ was enhanced from 902 to 1815 G, when the total thickness of mu metal sheets on the top and bottom surface of the coil was 2.0 mm. These results indicate that the well-designed high-permeability materials can significantly enhance the magnetic fields generated by high-T _c superconducting coils and magnets.     

Preparation and characterization of nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide

To extend the absorption range of titanium dioxide into the visible-light region, the nitrogen incorporation process is investigated. This work presents a simple procedure for preparing nitrogen doped titanium dioxide nanocrystal (TiOxNy) by calcinating the mixture of Degussa P-25 (DP-25) TiO2 and NH4Cl at temperatures between 350 and 500 degrees C under airtight condition. Analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated the molecular state nitrogen was incorporated into TiO2 lattice leading to the observable shift of the absorption edge to longer wavelength region with higher absorption intensity. These TiOxNy samples exhibit photocatalytic activity for methylene blue decomposition in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation. The correlation between the photocatalytic activity of TiOxNy and nitrogen content, rutile phase composition, and surface area was investigated and discussed.     

Design and fabrication of an innovative and environmental friendly adsorbent for boron removal

Boron can pose adverse effects on human beings and plants species. It exists in various water environments and is difficult to be removed by conventional technologies. In this study, an efficient and environmental friendly sorbent was fabricated by the functionalization of a natural biopolymer, chitosan, with N-methylglucamine through atom transfer radical polymerization. The SEM and BET studies revealed that the sorbent had a rougher surface and a more porous structure than the chitosan. At the optimum neutral pH, the maximum sorption capacity was as high as 3.25 mmol/g, much higher than the commercial boron selective resins (e.g., Amberlite IRA-743) and many other synthesized sorbents. Almost 90% of boron sorption occurred within 8 h and the equilibrium was established in 12 h, which was well described by an intraparticle surface diffusion model. The presence of sodium chloride and sodium nitrate had no effect on the boron removal. The boron concentration in seawater could be reduced to less than 0.5 mg/L from 4.8 mg/L when a sorbent dosage of 1.2 g/L was used. It was therefore concluded that the sorption technology from this study could be promising for boron removal from aqueous solutions.