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991.
992.
De-Long Zhang Ping-Rang Hua Edwin Yue-Bun Pun Guei-Gu Siu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(9):2893-2899
Vapor transport equilibration (VTE) treatments were performed on a Y-cut bulk Er (1.6 mol%)-doped congruent LiNbO3 crystal and an X-cut pure congruent crystal, on one surface of which a 40 nm-thick film of erbium metal was coated before the VTE treatment. Scanning electron microscope, powder or single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarized infrared absorption/emission of Er3+ as well as micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to study the two VTE crystals. The results are discussed in comparison with a corresponding as-grown bulk Er-doped crystal, calcined ErNbO4 powder, and a locally Er-doped congruent LiNbO3 crystal prepared by using the standard Er-diffusion technique. The experimental results show that the VTE treatment induces the formation of micrometer-sized ErNbO4 precipitates with the crystallographic morphology of a flat polyhedron not only on the surfaces of both crystals but also in the bulk of the homogeneously Er-doped one. The optical absorption and emission studies show that the formation of the precipitates results in substantial spectral changes in both the 0.98 and 1.5 μm regions. The micro-Raman studies allow to resolve four additional Raman peaks around 800 cm−1 in the E(TO) spectra of the two VTE crystals. These additional Raman peaks are associated with the characteristic vibrations with respect to the NbO4 3− group. Characteristic XRD, optical absorption, and emission and Raman peaks for identifying the ErNbO4 phase are proposed. Finally, the formation mechanism and light-scattering effect of the precipitates are discussed. 相似文献
993.
Poly(amide imide)–epoxysilane (coupling agent) composites were reacted with silica, a condensation product of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), by a sol–gel process and were then cast into films. After this procedure, the chemical characteristics and mechanical and thermal properties were measured. Fourier transform infrared showed that silica existed in the poly(amide imide) matrix. When a proper amount of silica was added to the poly(amide imide) matrix, the tensile strength, elongation, and toughness increased greatly. A poly(amide imide)/30 wt % epoxysilane composite with 20 wt % TEOS had the best mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis under nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres indicated that the char contents increased with the amount of silica. The glass‐transition temperatures of the poly(amide imide)–silica nanocomposites were observed around 170–180°C with differential scanning calorimetry. This approach may be a new method for the low‐temperature thermal curing of poly(amide imide). © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1780–1788, 2004 相似文献
994.
The relative viscosity (RV) of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) with different molecular weights was measured with a glass capillary viscometer and with a differential dual‐capillary viscometer in water at different concentrations. For the differential dual‐capillary viscometer, RV increases with a decreasing flow rate, especially for high molecular weight PVP at a 1% concentration. A good agreement in the RV between the two methods can be obtained for PVP with different molecular weights and at various concentrations if an appropriate flow rate is selected for the differential dual‐capillary viscometer. Special precaution is needed when using the differential dual‐capillary viscometer to measure the viscosity of a pure solvent. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1312–1315, 2002 相似文献
995.
By means of the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, the crystallization mechanism of 22,8-polyurethane which contains hydrogen-bond units is investigated and the results show that the crystallization process at a fixed temperature can be characterized by three stages: (1) The extended chain collapses to a globular random coil; (2) The random coil reorganizes into an ordered lamellar structure; (3) Accompanied with the segments clustering due to the hydrogen-bond formation, the lamellar develops with local defects. Two kinds of hydrogen-bond, which are formed between NH group and CO group (N-H?OC), and between NH group and urethane alkoxy oxygen (N-H?O), respectively, are found to play an important role in the crystallization process of 22,8-polyurethane. Furthermore, the effect of temperature on the crystallization is also studied by selecting three temperatures 200, 300 and 400 K. The lower the crystal temperature is, the slower the crystallization rate is and the stronger the hydrogen-bonding interactions are presented. This is in harmony with the experimental results. 相似文献
996.
Yuan‐Hsiang Yu Chien‐Chih Jen Hsiu‐Ying Huang Pei‐Chi Wu Chao‐Cheng Huang Jui‐Ming Yeh 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2004,91(6):3438-3446
A series of heterocyclically conjugated polymer–clay nanocomposite (PCN) materials that consisted of organic poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and inorganic montmorillonite (MMT) clay platelets were prepared by in situ oxidative polymerization with FeCl3 as an oxidant. The as‐synthesized PCN materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, wide‐angle powder X‐ray diffraction (WAXRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The effects of the material composition on the anticorrosion, gas barrier, thermal stability, flammability, mechanical strength, and electrical conductivity properties of the P3HT and PCN materials were studied by electrochemical corrosion measurements, gas‐permeability analysis (GPA), thermogrametric analysis (TGA), limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and a four‐point probe technique, respectively. The molecular weights of extracted and bulk P3HT were determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with THF as an eluant. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3438–3446, 2004 相似文献
997.
本文研究了9%LICI/DMAC纤维素溶液的流变性能。在该体系中纤维素溶液是非牛顿流体,属于假塑性流体,具有典型的幂律性。通过幂律方程拟合计算,其稠度系数为60~135,流动特性指数为0.62~0.70。随着浓度增大,稠度系数增大和流动特性指数降低;温度的变化对流动特性指数的影响不大,温度升高,流动特性指数略有减小,而稠度系数相对增大。溶液的粘度随着剪切速率的增大,开始时粘度迅速降低,后趋于稳定,这可能与纤维素分子在溶液中的取向有关。在不同剪切速率下,其流动活化能为23~30kJ. 相似文献
998.
研究了以勃姆石为原料快速分解制取ρ-Al2O3的方法,探讨了原料在炉中停留时间,最佳分解温度及加料速度,对ρ-Al2O3的性能鉴定及耐火浇注料的试验结果表明:这种ρ-Al2O3的相组成与用Al(OH)3分解所得的ρ-Al2O3不同,但同样可用作优质浇注粒的 相似文献
999.
1000.
In this study, a kinetic model of the final bleaching stage with hydrogen peroxide in a totally chlorine free (TCF) bleaching sequence for ALCELL® processed pulp was developed. The model was based on the rate of chromophore destruction characterized by the decrease in the light absorption coefficient of bleached pulp at 457 nm, CK. Based on the fact that the chromophore destruction proceeds rapidly in an initial phase followed by a much slower reaction during which a “floor-level” chromophore concentration is approached asymptotically, we propose that the hydrogen peroxide stage of the ALCELL® derived pulp in the studied TCF sequence consists of two distinct phases. The initial phase is a very fast reaction. The rate equation of the second phase was determined as: which is valid in a pH range of 10.5 to 11.5 and a temperature range of 60 to 92.5°C. 相似文献