Propylene epoxidation in a microreactor with electric heating

Gas phase propylene epoxidation on gold catalysts has attracted wide attention from industry and academia due to its high selectivity. However, it suffers from low propylene conversion and rapid catalyst deactivation. Experiments showed that propylene conversion could be increased by raising H₂, O₂, or C₃H₆ concentration in the feed, but the feed compositions were within the explosion limit. It was also shown that the activity of the used catalyst could be fully recovered, but the regeneration temperature was 280 °C, much higher than that for reaction. Therefore a microchannel reactor was devised to suppress explosion and was constructed with Fecralloy, to raise the temperature rapidly for catalyst regeneration by electric heating. In two minutes the temperature of the reactor could be raised from 50 to 300 °C. Catalysts were coated on the alloy belt by dip coating, and the performance of the reactor was evaluated under different operating conditions. Results showed that in the microreactor the overall reaction rate was controlled mainly by the intrinsic reaction rate, and also influenced by film diffusion to a certain extent. The deactivated catalyst was regenerated in the microchannel reactor and the activity was fully recovered.     

The morphology and mechanical properties of dynamic packing injection molded PP/PS blends

As a part of long-term project aimed at super polyolefin blends, in this work, we report the mechanical reinforcement and phase morphology of the immiscible blends of polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) achieved by dynamic packing injection molding (DPIM). The shear stress (achieved by DPIM) and interfacial interaction (obtained by using styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) as a compatibilizer) have a great effect on phase morphology thus mechanical properties. The shear-induced morphology with core in the center and oriented zone surrounding the core was observed in the cross-section areas of the samples. The phase inversion was also found to shift towards lower PS content under shear stress, at 70 wt% in the core and 30 wt% in the oriented zone, compared with 80 wt% for static samples (without shear). The tensile strength, tensile modules and impact strength were found largely increase by means of either shear stress or compatibilizer. The PS particle size is greatly reduced with adding of SBS, and the reduced particle size results in greater resistance to deformation, which causes the co-continuous structure at oriented zone change into droplet morphology. The morphology resulting from blending and processing was discussed based on effect of interfacial tension, shear rate, phase viscosity ratio and composition. The observed change of mechanical properties was explained based on the combined effect of phase morphology (droplet-matrix or co-continuous phase) and molecular orientation under shear stress.     

基于全局和局部特征融合的显著性提取方法

显著性提取方法在图像处理、计算机视觉领域有着广泛的应用.然而,基于全局特征和基于局部特征的显著性区域提取算法存在各自的缺点,为此本文提出了一种融合全局和局部特征的显著性提取算法.首先,对图像进行不重叠地分块,当每个图像块经过主成分分析(Principle component analysis,PCA)映射到高维空间后,根据孤立的特征点对应显著性区域的规律得到基于全局特征的显著图;其次,根据邻域内中心块与其他块的颜色不相似性得到基于局部特征的显著图;最后,按照贝叶斯理论将这两个显著图融合为最终的显著图.在公认的三个图像数据库上的仿真实验验证了所提算法在显著性提取和目标分割上比其他先进算法更有效.     

复杂运动目标ISAR成像技术进展与展望

逆合成孔径雷达成像是宽带雷达实现目标信 息获取和精细描述的重要途径,但在成像过程中存在复杂运动导致散焦和成像分辨率不高两 个难题。针对目标复杂运动导致成像散焦问题,本文总结了微动对雷达波调制、进动目标成 像、 三维运动成像、分离部件成像等技术现状;针对成像分辨率不高问题,分析了多频段宽带回 波相参配准、融合成像等技术进展。本文介绍了雷达成像新技术,为解决上述两个难题带来 新的思路和途径,其中,雷达关联成像不依赖于雷达与目标的相对运动,可避免成像的复杂 运动补偿;太赫兹雷达成像容易实现大带宽和窄波束,获得目标精细雷达像。最后对新兴技 术的难点和发展趋势进行了展望。     

自蔓延高温合成法制备金属—陶瓷复合材料

本文就自蔓延高温合成技术（ＳＨＳ）在制备金属－陶瓷复合材料方面的进展进行了回顾，对ＳＨＳ技术用于制备金属－陶瓷块体复合材料，梯度功能材料（ＦａＭ），金属－陶瓷复合管，金属－陶瓷的焊接工艺原理以及金属材料的陶瓷涂层进行了探讨。     

全生物降解PBS的扩链改性研究

采用新型扩链剂2,2′-双(2-噁唑啉)(BOZ)对聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)进行扩链,研究了BOZ加入量、稳定剂加入量、时间、温度对扩链反应的影响。结果表明,选择最佳条件,扩链后的PBS的相对分子质量较未扩链PBS的相对分子质量大为增加,而且扩链PBS相对分子质量分布与未扩链PBS基本一致,说明PBS扩链后的线性度与起始PBS相同,没有支化或交联反应发生。     

蒽醌合成方法的研究进展

综述了重要中间体蒽醌的应用以及传统工业生产方法,评价了苯酐法、氧化法及萘醌法等各种方法的优缺点.介绍了采用苯酐为起始原料通过两步法或一步法合成蒽醌的研究新进展,认为沸石分子筛催化剂可使蒽醌的合成过程绿色化,并可再生重复使用,具有很好的发展前景.     

微孔发泡过程中聚合物/超临界CO2均相体系形成的研究

阐述以超临界CO2为发泡剂的微孔发泡中均相体系的形成过程，研究聚合物熔体和气体的混合机理，并分析影响均相体系形成过程的因素。结果表明，聚合物和气体本身的结构和性质、工艺条件、加工设备、外力场等均影响均相体系的形成，振动力场的引入可以提高多相体系的混合程度，在聚合物／气体均相体系的形成过程中引入振动力场是一个全新的研究方向。     

二氧六环在CA低压反渗透膜中的作用机理

在低压醋酸纤维素一丙酮－甲酰胺反渗船舶这膜铸膜液体体系中，加入二氧六环使膜具有较小的初始平均孔径和较窄的孔径分布，二氧六环起到了调节高分子网络尺寸变小和均一化的作用。在１．０ＭＰａ下进料液浓度为１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ时，膜对Ｎａ２ＳＯ４、ＭＧＳＯ４分离率〉９６％，对ＮａＣｌ为８０％，Ｃ（ＮＯ２）２为８０％，ＭｇＣｌ２为７９％。平均透水率〉１．２５ｍｌ／ｃｍ＾２．ｈ适用于中低盐度水的脱盐软化。