Large electrocaloric effect with ultrawide temperature span in Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-based lead-free ceramics

Innovative cooling technologies are recognized by many industries as a crucial part of their system design. A large electrocaloric effect (ECE) and extended working temperature are the key issues hindering the realization of electrocaloric refrigeration technology. In this work, large ECE (ΔT = 0.8–0.9°C @ 4 kV/mm) with an ultrawide temperature span from 30 to 120°C is noted for lead-free (Na_1/2Bi_1/2)_0.80Sr_0.20(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)_xTi_1-xO₃ ceramics. The excellent ECE performance can be ascribed to the evolution of polar nanoregions. Our work suggests that this material is promising for applications in solid-state refrigeration systems with a broad range of operating temperatures.     

基于协作通信的TD-VAA-SCDMA系统

协作通信解决了普通单天线移动终端的空间分集问题,使单天线移动终端在多用户环境中可共享其他终端的天线,从而得到多天线分集增益,改善了移动通信系统的性能.本文从协作通信的概念和原理出发,提出了一种基于协作通信的虚拟多天线(VAA)TD-SCDMA系统,探讨了该系统中各层的实现和面临的挑战.     

杂多酸催化水解纤维素纤维提升溶解浆黏度控制和反应性能

采用4种典型的Keggin型杂多酸,即磷钨酸(PTA)、硅钨酸(STA)、硅钼酸(SMA)和磷钼酸(PMA)处理溶解浆纤维,通过对比浆料特性黏度变化,确定PTA较优处理条件为:H+浓度0.01 mol/L,温度90℃,处理时间30 min;通过对比4种杂多酸处理对溶解浆纤维微观形貌结构、孔径、孔体积和保水值等参数的影响,发现PTA处理优于其他3种杂多酸处理。相应地,经PTA处理后,溶解浆黏度可控性和反应性能提升最为显著,浆料黏度由561 mL/g降至437 mL/g,反应性能由49.1%增至74.1%。回用实验结果表明,回用1次时,PTA、STA和PMA回收率均在87%以上,SMA回收率为83.6%,且回用的杂多酸催化活性基本保持不变。其中,PTA具有较高的化学稳定性,循环6次后仍能保持87.1%的回用率,具有优异的可回收性和再利用性。     

In situ reaction and solid solution induced hardening in (Ti,Zr)B2-(Zr,Ti)C composites

(Ti,Zr)B₂ - (Zr,Ti)C ceramics were synthesized by reactive hot-pressing and solid solution coupling effect using ZrB₂ and TiC powders as starting materials. Effects of sintering temperature on phase relations, microstructure and mechanical properties were reported. The equimolar ZrB₂ and TiC reactants ensured a complete in situ reaction to form (Ti,Zr)B₂ and (Zr,Ti)C solid solutions. The (Ti,Zr)B₂ - (Zr,Ti)C composite sintered at 1750°C was fully densified, and exhibited a high hardness of 29.1 GPa due to fine-grain hardening and solid solution hardening. The optimized comprehensive mechanical properties such as a hardness of 27.9 GPa, a strength of 705 MPa and an indentation fracture toughness of 5.3 MPa m^1/2 were achieved in (Ti,Zr)B₂ - (Zr,Ti)C composites sintered at 1800°C for 1 hour.     

Refreshing doping concept in perovskite piezoceramics: Composite modulation hidden behind lattice substitution

Chemical doping is favored by academia as well as industry because of its effectiveness in attuning to the properties of piezoceramics. Although significant progress has been made, few reports have focused on the role and overall effect of substituted ions. Based on the tendency of special crystals such as ZnO toward spontaneous growth, this study applies the concept of composite modulation to conventional doping; the CuO-modified 0.2Pb(Zn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.8Pb(Zr_1/2Ti_1/2)O₃ (PZN-PZT) system has been used for verification of the proposed method. The results show that copper ions enter the perovskite matrix to specifically replace the zinc ions causing lattice distortion and increasing the rhombohedral phase (RP) content. Furthermore, the substituted zinc ions enter the grain boundaries and grow into a secondary phase ZnO, based on their spontaneous-growth tendency; the induced heterogeneous interfacial effects lead to refinement of the domain size and enhancement of the interface polarization. The combined effects of the lattice substitution and composite modulation promote a significant improvement in the piezoelectric coefficient of the CuO-modified PZN-PZT system compared with its pure counterpart. The dual function of doping demonstrated in this study is expected to further contribute to the preparation and performance improvement of the other piezoelectric composites.     

CPPS/PA1010/EMG合金的制备与性能表征

采用(乙烯/马来酸酐/甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)三元共聚物(EMG)为增容剂,与PA1010和化学处理的PPS(CPPS)熔融共混制备了CPPS/PA1010/EMG合金。当EMG含量为9份时,制备的高刚性、高韧性合金在保持其它力学性能基本不变的情况下其冲击强度提高了4.5倍;并研究了该合金的熔融结晶行为和热降解行为。     

CMOS图像传感器单粒子效应及加固技术研究进展

互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor,CMOS)图像传感器(CMOS Image Sensor,CIS)在空间应用时会受到单个粒子辐照影响,这通常会导致CIS采集图像出现异常,严重时会导致器件功能失效。本文从不同粒子的角度:重离子、质子、电子和中子,从CIS容易发生的单粒子效应类型:单粒子瞬态(Single Event Transient,SET)、单粒子翻转(Single Event Upset,SEU)、单粒子闩锁(Single Event Latchup,SEL)、单粒子功能中断(Single Event Functional Interrupt,SEFI)等方面综述了CIS单粒子效应研究进展。简要介绍了CIS单粒子效应加固技术研究进展。分析总结了目前CIS单粒子效应及加固技术中亟待解决的问题,为今后深入开展相关研究提供理论参考。     

测量二次电子空间分布特征矩阵法的有效性分析

为了准确测量不同材料在实际环境中的二次电子空间分布,设计了一种新型的二次电子发射空间分布测量结构,给出了实验测量原理,用求解特征矩阵的方法对实验结果进行处理,得到了所需的二次电子空间分布。通过模拟计算对该测量方法进行了校验,模拟结果与假设二次电子空间分布函数相吻合,表明该测量方法可靠、测量精度高,为后续样机研制奠定了理论基础。     

复杂金精矿浸铜渣预处理工艺

对复杂金精矿浸铜渣硫酸和氟化氢铵预处理工艺进行研究,考察了硫酸与氟化氢铵摩尔浓度比值(R_(S/A))、摩尔浓度、反应液固比、反应时间、反应温度、搅拌速度对金银提取率的影响。结果表明,R_(S/A)和硫酸与氟化氢铵摩尔浓度是影响金银提取率的关键因素,在R_(S/A)=1/1,其摩尔浓度值升高,金、银的提取率可以得到显著提高。浸铜渣经预处理后,包裹物遭到破坏,出现蜂窝状孔隙,硅含量由原来的33.28%降低到5.49%。最佳预处理条件:R_(S/A)=1/1、摩尔浓度值1.5mol/L、反应液固比5∶1、反应时间2h、反应温度298K、搅拌速度250r/min。氰化条件:反应液固比4∶1、pH=10.5、氰化钠浓度4‰、搅拌速度300r/min、反应时间72h、反应温度298 K,此条件下,金、银的提取率分别为98.20%、95.77%,氰化残渣中金、银含量分别小于1.3g/t、50g/t。     

一株蜡状芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶产生菌株的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

从土壤中筛选出一株淀粉酶分泌能力较强的菌株,通过形态学观察、生理生化试验、16S rDNA测序分析等方法对该菌株进行了鉴定,并对其分泌的淀粉酶的酶学性质进行了研究。经鉴定该菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌。酶学性质研究表明,该酶的最适温度为40℃,最适pH值为5.0~6.0,在40℃保温20min,酶活力下降70%左右。Ca2+对酶的活性和热稳定性没有激活作用。非变性蛋白电泳和淀粉酶活性染色结果显示,该菌仅产生一种淀粉酶。通过高效液相色谱分析,该酶对可溶性淀粉的主要水解产物为糊精、寡聚糖和少量葡萄糖,表明该酶为α-淀粉酶。