深井裸眼封隔器分段酸压管柱打捞实践

安岳气田灯影组气藏广泛采用大斜度井/水平井裸眼封隔器分段酸压工艺试油完井,悬挂封隔器及下部管柱被“永久性”留在井下。如果利用原裸眼侧钻,则需要打捞分段酸压管柱至套管鞋以下30 m左右。MX126井和GS121井前期打捞作业历时均超过50 d,打捞效率非常低,主要原因为：悬挂封隔器双向锚定,裸眼封隔器和连接油管埋卡严重且位于大斜度井段,压井后长时间静止埋卡越来越严重;钻井液压井后切割油管受阻,没有完成落鱼切割分段;套磨铣导致封隔器解体,倒扣时落鱼出现多处退扣,倒扣打捞效率低。针对上述问题,优化了打捞技术措施：钻井液压井前,采用泵送径向切割工艺在清水中切割油管,确保切割成功率;采用带压拔出插管循环压井,缩短钻井液浸泡时间,降低次生卡钻风险;优选磨铣工具和打捞工具,优化磨铣工艺和震击解卡打捞工艺,维持落鱼完整性、力求捞出整段被切割落鱼。该技术成功应用于MX146井和GS127井后期的打捞作业,分别用时12 d和5 d。该技术可以显著提高裸眼封隔器分段酸压管柱的打捞效率,具有推广应用价值。     

Structure,crystallization, and performances of alkaline-earth boroaluminosilicate sealing glasses for SOFCs

We study the structure, crystallization, and performances of the sealing glasses with the composition (mol.%) of 12Al₂O₃·8B₂O₃·40SiO₂·40RO (R = Mg, Ca, Sr) for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) before and after isothermal treatment at 700°C, which is within the operation temperature range (600-800°C) of SOFCs. The crystallization behavior has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction under both dynamic and isothermal conditions. The structural evolution is probed using the Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The performances of the sealing glasses are characterized in terms of the coefficient of thermal expansion, the crystallization-induced stress at glass–steel interface. We find that strong crystallization occurs at the operation temperature (700°C) far below the crystallization onset temperature measured by DSC. The structure origin of this anomalous crystallization is discussed in terms of structural heterogeneity of the three studied glasses. We determine the residual stress at the interface between the Ca-containing glass and the steel after isothermal treatment at 700°C for 48 h, but this stress does not lead to falling off the glass layer from the steel. This indicates that this glass is a good candidate to be applied in SOFCs.     

Electrochemical investigation of La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 synthesized in air for SOFC application

Journal of Applied Electrochemistry - La-doped titanate materials have been widely investigated as alternative Ni-free anodes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this study, La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 (LST)...     

Hybrid anion exchange membranes with adjustable ion transport channels designed by compounding SEBS and homo-polystyrene

Hybrid anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were prepared via chemically functionalizing and crosslinking poly(styrene-b-[ethylene-co-butylene]-b-styrene) (SEBS) copolymers and low molecular weight homo-polystyrene (hPS). Via sequential chloromethylation, crosslinking, quaternization, and alkalization, a series of hPS/SEBS AEMs were obtained with varying content of hPS. Systematic structural, morphological, mechanical, absorption, and transport measurements reveal that these properties depend on the total PS content in the membranes. Particularly, increasing total PS content causes (a) PS domains in the AEMs transition the cylindrical morphology to lamella-like morphology with comparable correlation length; (b) Young's modulus, water uptake, swelling ratio, ionic exchange capacity and ionic conductivity of the AEMs, and T_g of PS phase increase. In addition, the alkaline stability of the hPS/SEBS AEMs is also improved by addition of hPS. These findings suggest that the proposed method can develop high performance SEBS AEMs that are suitable for fuel cell applications.     

Effect of modified layered double hydroxide on the flammability of intumescent flame retardant PP nanocomposites

The dodecyl sulfate intercalated CaMgAl-hydrotalcites (layered double hydroxides [LDHs]) were successfully prepared by co-precipitation method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, infrared spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectra [FT-IR]), thermogravimetry (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscope, and Brunner−Emmet−Teller (BET). The prepared LDHs were added to the intumescent flame retardant (IFR) polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites, and the limiting oxygen index method (LOI), vertical combustion method (UL-94), cone calorimetry (CCT), and other test methods were used to study its thermal stability and combustion performance. The results showed that when the flame retardant was composed of 23 wt% IFR and 2 wt% O-SDS-LDHs, the LOI value of the material was increased to 31.5%, reaching the V-0 level, and the flame retardant performance was significantly improved. The results also showed that there was a significant synergistic effect between IFR and O-SDS-LDHs, which could improve the thermal stability and graphitization degree of PP nanocomposites. In addition, the peak heat release rate, total heat release, and total smoke production of the PP/IFR/O-SDS-LDHs system were 177 kW/m², 101 MJ/m², and 15.4 m², respectively, which were 82.2%, 51.0%, and 23.0% lower than those of pure PP, respectively. These improvements could be attributed to the presence of dense and continuous char layer formed by the synergistic effect.     

Sustainability-guided life-cycle design and assessment for bio-based composite foams: Integrate flame retardancy/lightweight in usage and energy utilization after service

Sustainable development strategy has aroused a great interest in biomass resources as alternative raw materials. A kind of biomass-derived poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), has been developed as porous foams to reduce resource exhaustion and meet lightweight demands. For fire-safety in-service, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to combine flame-retardant elements and heat-barrier function. Hence, a very low loading level of P-containing GO as only 5 wt% could reduce peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) of PBS-based foams by 58.5% and 22.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, N-/P-doped mesoporous char with a specific surface area of 136 m²/g, which derived from combustion of flame-retardant foaming PBS, contributes to a potential of energy storage applications in the capacitor or the anode of Li-ion battery with long-term stability. Overall, the sustainability of bio-based polyester could integrate lightweight of foaming, and be extended to utilization after use via facile combustion inspired by flame-retardancy design.     

Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with improved crosslink density,oxidation stability,and microbial inhibition by chemical crosslinking and tea polyphenols for total joint replacements

Highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) stabilized by vitamin E (VE) is widely applied in artificial joints as the bearings. Despite the approval, there is a discord that VE lowers the crosslinking efficiency, limiting its use at high concentration. In this work, we aim to obtain highly crosslinked and oxidation resistant UHMWPE through the conjunction of tea polyphenol and chemical crosslinking. We hypothesized that highly incorporated tea polyphenol with multiple reactive sites can ameliorate crosslinking efficiency of chemical crosslinked UHMWPE in comparison to VE. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as representative tea polyphenol was incorporated into UHMWPE at high concentration (2–8 wt%), followed by chemical crosslinking with 2 wt% organic peroxide. Unlike VE/UHMWPE blends as the control, chemical crosslinking achieved an increasing trend in crosslink density of EGCG/UHMWPE blends with increasing antioxidant concentration. High concentration of EGCG also enhanced the oxidation stability of UHMWPE. Intriguingly, EGCG endowed UHMWPE with an excellent antimicrobial property, which was inefficient in VE/UHMWPE. Cell viability was hardly affected by the high loaded antioxidant and peroxide. The chemically crosslinked UHMWPE blended with EGCG is proved to be a reasonable, cost effective and realistic alternative for use in artificial joints.     

Ionic liquid modified graphene oxide for enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties of epoxy resin

In this work, to improve its dispersion and flame retardancy, graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized by silane coupling agent KH550 and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate (PF₆-ILs), and characteristics of the PF₆-ILs@GO was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Then, the synergistic flame retardant of GO or PF₆-ILs@GO and melamine pyrophosphate (MPP) were applied for epoxy resin (EP) materials. Specifically, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of EP with 0.1 wt% PF₆-ILs@GO was increased to 29.2% from 27.5% of EP/MPP composites, and the UL-94 test reached the V-0 rating. The CCT results showed that the total heat release (THR) and total smoke release (TSP) of EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites were significantly 24.4% and 53.4% lower than that of EP/MPP composites. Besides, the thermal behavior investigated by TGA indicated that the char-forming effect of GO and PF₆-ILs@GO was great, the residual char of EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites was as high as 19.5% at 700°C, and its thermal stability was higher than that of EP/MPP composites. On the other hand, the tensile strength of EP/MPP/GO and EP/MPP/PF₆-ILs@GO composites were increased by 15.6% and 28.3% compared with EP/MPP composites. According to SEM analysis, the EP/MPP/GO composites formed a good protective char layer, which can effectively improve flame retardancy of EP. This research represents a new method of flame retardant modified GO to improve the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polymers.     

需求侧能量共享:概念、机制与展望

分布式可再生能源的蓬勃发展为建设清洁高效智能电网提供了新途径,但同时也导致了需求侧用户行为更随机、能量管理更困难、设备利用更低效等问题。为应对这些新挑战,充分调动需求侧灵活性,能量共享作为一种分布式运营新范式应运而生。文中给出了需求侧能量共享的概念,分析了其在平抑不确定性、提升运行经济性和提高设备利用效率等方面的潜力,并对能量共享机制的设计要点及基本要求进行了详细阐述。在此基础上,从合作博弈与非合作博弈2个角度将国内外能量共享机制设计相关研究归纳为5类,总结了当前的研究进展与亟待解决的问题。最后,从需求侧能量共享市场内部设计与外部衔接2个方面,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

基于预处理共轭梯度迭代法的电力系统状态估计算法

随着中国电网省地一体化和输配一体化的不断发展,电力系统计算的维度越来越高.状态估计作为电力系统态势感知中的基础环节,需要保证其实时性,而加权最小二乘法是电力系统运用最广泛的状态估计方法.为此,针对加权最小二乘法在牛顿迭代过程中矩阵乘法和线性方程组求解耗时较长的特点,根据Krylov子空间方法中共轭梯度法的思想,设计了一种基于预处理共轭梯度迭代法的电力系统状态估计算法.该方法采用不完全LU分解法对原始线性方程组进行预处理,并采用图形处理器(GPU)并行加速技术对矩阵乘法、线性方程预处理和共轭梯度法迭代进行加速.算例分析表明了文中方法加速效果明显,内存和显存占用较低,经过不完全LU分解法预处理的线性方程组迭代次数少,能够满足大规模电力系统状态估计的实时性要求.