发展沼气工程的重要性及其装置存在的问题

如将日常生活中处理起来比较麻烦的城市生活垃圾、农村大量农作物的茎秆、畜禽粪便等废弃物作为生产沼气的原材料,变废为宝,不但能解决能源即将面临枯竭的危机,也能同时缓解环境污染所带来的一系列社会问题,是利国利民的好事。因此,本文论述了研发大型生产沼气装置的重要意义以及沼气大型装置存在的问题。     

不同采收期虫草参多酚对羟基自由基介导的DNA氧化损伤保护作用的研究

采用Folin-酚法测定两个采收地（S1和S2）三个采收期（T1、T2和T3）虫草参游离酚和结合酚提取物的多酚含量。采用HPLC法检测多酚提取物中没食子酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸和迷迭香酸的含量。同时,评价了虫草参多酚提取物对羟基自由基（·OH）介导的DNA氧化损伤的保护作用。结果显示,虫草参游离酚和结合酚提取物的多酚含量范围分别为86.53~181.40和89.70~193.58 μg GAE/mg;咖啡酸在结合酚中含量较高,且S2采收地高于S1;而迷迭香酸在游离酚中含量较高,且在T1和T3采收期,S2采收地的高于S1,相反在T2采收期,S2采收地的低于S1;虫草参游离酚（25~300 μg/mL）和结合酚（3.125~50 μg/mL）提取物对DNA氧化损伤保护作用的双螺旋百分比范围分别为1.81%~55.04%和1.67%~70.83%。相较于游离酚,结合酚提取物表现出更好的保护效果。     

基于机器视觉的烟支搭口夹杂缺陷在线检测方法

为解决卷烟生产中烟支搭口夹杂缺陷检测准确率低等问题,提出了一种基于机器视觉的搭口夹杂缺陷检测方法。在卷接机组检测轮和剔除轮位置分别安装高速相机,采集单支烟不同位置和角度的图像;采用均值滤波、灰度梯度计算等方法,先判断烟支搭口边缘,再判定搭口边缘区域是否存在夹杂缺陷;根据判定结果将缺陷烟支通过剔除阀剔除。应用该系统对杭州卷烟厂生产的2种规格卷烟进行测试,结果表明：正常工况下系统对烟支搭口夹杂检测准确率≥99.5%,漏检率<1%;异常工况下检测准确率≥99.0%,抗干扰能力强,检测处理时间≤6 ms。该技术可为提升烟支外观质量提供支持。     

Monitoring in real time with a microelectrode the release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species by a single macrophage stimulated by its membrane mechanical depolarization

Macrophages are key cells of the immune system. During phagocytosis, the macrophage engulfs a foreign bacterium, virus, or particle into a vacuole, the phagosome, wherein oxidants are produced to neutralize and decompose the threatening element. These oxidants derive from in situ production of superoxide and nitric oxide by specific enzymes. However, the chemical nature and sequence of release of these compounds is far from being completely determined. The aim of the present work was to study the fundamental mechanism of oxidant release by macrophages at the level of a single cell, in real time and quantitatively. The tip of a microelectrode was positioned at a micrometric distance from a macrophage in a culture to measure oxidative-burst release by the cell when it was submitted to physical stimulation. The ensuing release of electroactive reactive oxygen and nitrogen species was detected by amperometry and the exact nature of the compounds was characterized through comparison with in vitro electrochemical oxidation of H2O2, ONOO-, NO*, and NO2(-) solutions. These results enabled the calculation of time variations of emission flux for each species and the reconstruction of the original flux of production of primary species, O2*- and NO*, by the macrophage.     

居住建筑使用阶段CO2排放量构成分析

对马鞍山市某典型住户总耗电量、各用电设备分项耗电量、燃气用量、用水量、室内外温湿度变化等进行了为期一年的实测。通过数据分析,得到了测试期间该住户的CO2排放总量、单位面积及人均CO2排放量。分析了不同终端设备的CO2排放量构成及电视机负荷的逐时变化规律。