Highly Sensitive Electro‐Plasmonic Switches Based on Fivefold Stellate Polyhedral Gold Nanoparticles

Electron–photon coupling in metal nanostructures has raised a new trend for active plasmonic switch devices in both fundamental understanding and technological applications. However, low sensitivity switches with an on/off ratio less than 5 have restricted applications. In this work, an electrically modulated plasmonic switch based on a surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) system with a single fivefold stellate polyhedral gold nanoparticle (FSPAuNP) is reported. The reversible switch of the SERS signal shows high sensitivity with an on/off ratio larger than 30. Such a high on/off ratio arises primarily from the plasmonic resonance shift of the FSPAuNP with the incident laser due to the altered free electron density on the nanoparticle under an applied electrochemical potential. This highly sensitive electro‐plasmonic switch may enable further development of plasmonic devices.     

开放售电环境下电网企业核心竞争力及其评估模型构建

开放售电环境下,社会资本可以投资新增配电网成立售电公司,这对电网公司的核心竞争力将造成重大影响。通过SWOT矩阵分析了开放售电环境下电网的核心竞争力,明确电网企业未来发展的优势、劣势、机遇和挑战,在此基础上,通过电网公司核心竞争力模糊综合评价法,对电网公司的核心竞争力进行评价,从核心竞争力评价的视角探寻电网企业发展的关键因素,为电网企业未来的发展提供新思路。     

新时期解决农村群体性事件的应然、实然和必然

近年来,我国农村群体性事件频频发生并呈现出螺旋上升态势。处于社会转型期的农村,其各种矛盾冲突提档升级,群体性事件频频见诸报端,愈演愈烈,不仅严重制约着社会主义和谐新农村建设的步伐,也给基层政府的治理提出了严峻考验。以新时期农村经济社会的发展趋势为时代背景,深度挖掘解决农村群体性事件的应然之义,探寻新时期农村群体性事件的实然之路,提出解决农村群体性事件的必然之策,为新时期农村群体性事件的政府治理提供理论依据。     

柴北缘鱼卡地区中侏罗统油页岩类型及成矿差异

柴达木盆地鱼卡地区中侏罗统石门沟组发育多层油页岩,通过对YYY-1井全井岩心观察和地化分析,在页岩段和含煤段识别出两种类型油页岩。上部页岩段油页岩发育于深湖—半深湖环境中,含油率中等,单层和累计厚度均较大,w(TOC)为5.97%~15.35%,S_1+S_2为29.71~118.62 mg/g,有机质类型主要为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ1型,有机质来源主要以藻类体湖泊生物为主;下部含煤段油页岩发育于湖沼环境中,含油率较高,单层和累计厚度均较小,且与煤和炭质泥岩互层,w(TOC)为13.80%~48.80%,S_1+S_2为39.31~162.12mg/g,有机质类型主要为Ⅱ2型,有机质来源以陆源高等植物为主。沉积环境和有机质来源是影响这两种油页岩矿床差异的关键因素。     

Multilevel Hierarchically Ordered Artificial Biomineral

Living organisms are known for creating complex organic–inorganic hybrid materials such as bone, teeth, and shells, which possess outstanding functions as compared to their simple mineral forms. This has inspired many attempts to mimic such structures, but has yielded few practical advances. In this study, a multilevel hierarchically ordered artificial biomineral (a composite of hydroxyapatite and gelatine) with favorable nanomechanical properties is reported. A typical optimized HAp/gelatin hybrid material in the perpendicular direction of the HAp c‐axis has a modulus of 25.91 + 1.78 GPa and hardness of 0.90 + 0.10 GPa, which well matches that of human cortical bone (modulus 24.3 + 1.4 GPa, hardness 0.69 + 0.05 GPa). The bottom‐up crystal constructions (from nano‐ to micro‐ to macroscale) of this material are achieved through a hard template approach by the phase transformation from DCP to HAp. The structural biomimetic material shows another way to mimic the complex hierarchical designs of sclerous tissues which have potential value for application in hard tissue engineering.     

宜宾地区土壤养分空间变异及其丰缺状况分析

为探明宜宾地区主要土壤养分含量状况,基于野外采集的676份土壤样品,运用经典统计方法、地统计学方法和GIS技术分析了该区域8种土壤养分指标的空间变异特征及其丰缺状况。结果表明,宜宾地区土壤有机质、全氮、全钾和缓效钾含量适宜,碱解氮含量丰富,而速效钾、全磷和有效磷含量缺乏。各养分指标块金效应在44.02%~81.93%;其中有效磷和速效钾的空间自相关性较弱,主要受随机因素影响。空间分布上,有机质含量总体呈现东南高、中部和北部低;全氮和碱解氮含量由西北、东南向中部区域下降;全磷呈南高北低趋势,有效磷呈斑块状分布;缓效钾由中部向西北和东南部逐渐下降;速效钾表现为西高东低,全钾与之相反。本研究结果为宜宾地区烤烟平衡施肥及种植规划提供了理论依据。     

不同抗冻剂对鱿鱼滑冻藏期间品质特性的影响

为了提高冷冻鱿鱼滑制品品质的稳定性,本研究以秘鲁鱿鱼为原料,通过测定鱿鱼滑的凝胶强度、持水性、水分分布状态、Ca²⁺-ATPase活性和微观结构等指标,探究不同添加量的海藻糖(2%、4%、6%)、乳糖醇(2%、4%、6%)和乳酸钠(2%、3%、4%)对鱿鱼滑在冻藏150 d的冷冻保护作用及其品质的影响。结果表明,随着添加量的增加,海藻糖、乳糖醇和乳酸钠均能显著提高鱿鱼滑在冻藏期间的凝胶强度和持水性(P<0.05)。在冻藏150 d后,6%海藻糖、6%乳糖醇和4%乳酸钠组鱿鱼滑Ca²⁺-ATPase活性分别为0.28、0.26和0.30μmol Pi/(mg prot·h),显著高于空白组0.17μmol Pi/(mg prot·h)(P<0.05),延缓了鱿鱼滑肌原纤维蛋白的变性程度。电镜扫描图(SEM)显示,随着冻藏时间的延长,相比乳糖醇组及空白组,添加6%海藻糖和4%乳酸钠的鱿鱼滑微观组织较为紧密,较好地保持了鱿鱼滑的凝胶网络结构。结合感官评定,添加6%海藻糖能够提高冻藏后鱿鱼滑的口感和整体接受度。综上,6%海藻糖可有效延缓鱿...     

生姜猕猴桃自然酒精发酵醪微生物多样性研究

为了探讨和评估生姜猕猴桃自然酒精发酵醪酵母菌系多样性及其产品的安全性,采用微生物可培养方法对生姜猕猴桃自然酒精发酵中的酵母菌进行分离,并利用5.8S rDNA ITS序列信息分析不同时期生姜猕猴桃自然酒精发酵醪的酵母菌株α多样性和β多样性。结果表明,生姜猕猴桃自然酒精发酵中酵母菌有8属11种,包括假丝酵母、孢汉逊酵母、德巴利酵母、毕赤酵母、伊萨酵母、柯达酵母、梅奇酵母、Meyerozyma。毕赤酵母是生姜猕猴桃自然酒精发酵醪初期和后期的优势酵母菌群,Myerozyma是生姜猕猴桃自然酒精发酵醪初期和中期的优势酵母菌群。α多样性、β多样性分析结果显示,生姜猕猴桃自然酒精发酵中期物种多样性最高,发酵后期酵母菌数与独有酵母菌数最多,物种丰富度最高。     

Single-Atom Catalysts and Dual-Atom Catalysts for CO2 Electroreduction: Competition or Cooperation?

Developing highly active and selective electrocatalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO₂ can reduce environmental pollution and mitigation of greenhouse gas emission. Owing to maximal atomic utilization, the atomically dispersed catalysts are broadly adopted in CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR). Dual-atom catalysts (DACs), with more flexible active sites, distinct electronic structures, and synergetic interatomic interactions compared to single-atom catalysts (SACs), may have great potential to enhance catalytic performance. Nevertheless, most of the existing electrocatalysts have low activity and selectivity due to their high energy barrier. Herein, 15 electrocatalysts are explored with noble metallic (Cu, Ag, and Au) active sites embedded in metal–organic hybrids (MOHs) for high-performance CO₂RR and studied the relationship between SACs and DACs by first-principles calculation. The results indicated that the DACs have excellent electrocatalytic performance, and the moderate interaction between the single- and dual-atomic center can improve catalytic activity in CO₂RR. Four among the 15 catalysts, including (CuAu), (CuCu), Cu(CuCu), and Cu(CuAu) MOHs inherited a capability of suppressing the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction with favorable CO overpotential. This work not only reveals outstanding candidates for MOHs-based dual-atom CO₂RR electrocatalysts but also provides new theoretical insights into rationally designing 2D metallic electrocatalysts.     

深度卷积神经网络在心音分类方法中的应用

通过分析心音信号对心脏早期的病理状态进行确诊具有重要的意义.提出了一种基于深度卷积神经网络的心音分类方法.将心音信号转化成具有时频特性的梅尔频谱系数(Mel Frequency Spectral Coefficient,MFSC)特征图,将其作为深度卷积神经网络模型的输入;利用深度卷积神经网络对MFSC特征图进行训练,...