Effects of mixing red clover with alfalfa at different ratios on dynamics of proteolysis and protease activities during ensiling

This study was conducted to study the effects of ensiled alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) at different ratios on dynamics of fermentation parameters, N distribution, protein fractions, and protease activities during ensiling. Alfalfa and red clover were harvested and wilted to 35 and 25% dry matter, respectively, chopped to 1 cm, mixed, weighed into 1.0-L buckets at a density of 700 g/L, and ensiled for 1, 3, 7, 15, and 30 d at 30°C. The treatments were mixing ratio of alfalfa to red clover at 100:0, 70:30, 50:50, 30:70, and 0:100 (R0, R30, R50, R70, and R100, respectively; fresh weight). For each ensiling duration, 3 replicates of each treatment were prepared. With increasing proportion of red clover in silage, total N content and proportions of nonprotein N, peptide N, free amino acid N, and NH₃-N decreased linearly, and PC (indigestible true protein, acid detergent insoluble N) proportion increased linearly after ensiling. Moreover, the final pH was lower in R50 and R100 than R0 (4.29, 4.20 vs. 4.48, respectively) on d 30. Also, lactic acid concentration on d 30 was higher in R50, R70, and R100 silage compared with R0 (7.77, 7.66, and 8.76 vs. 6.34, % of dry matter, respectively). The proportion of NH₃-N in R50 was lower than in R0 but closer to R100 after ensiling. During ensiling, proteases including carboxypeptidase, aminopeptidase, and acid proteinase activities decreased as red clover proportion increased. However, no differences were detected in aminopeptidase and acid proteinase activities among R50, R70, and R100 during ensiling. Overall, 50:50 was the optimal mixing ratio of alfalfa with red clover, showing good fermentation quality with lower pH and higher lactic acid concentration, reduced protease activities and proteolysis compared with pure alfalfa silage, and also more total N content than pure red clover silage.     

Design of thin plate-type speed reducers using balls for robots

A review of the recent trends of robots would show that robots are gradually being miniaturized. However, most commercially available speed reducers suffer from the limitations in terms of structure and vibration when applied to small robots. A new speed reducer mechanism was designed to check the reducer ratio and contact points between the balls and inclined planes. Contact force analysis between the gear curves and the balls and contact force analysis between the balls and inclined planes were conducted using a numerical method and FEM analysis. This virtual prototype simulation provided essential data and analysis foundation for the physical prototype’s manufacture and testing. Meanwhile, it also provided the important basis for optimizing the tooth profile and the performance. A speed reducer was manufactured to check the performance. This manufactured thin plate-type speed reducer imposed less compressive stress on the tooth profile and the balls, which greatly increased the facility of the robot.     

用γ能谱分析法作元件破损实时监测中的影响因素

本文对用γ能谱分析法反应堆燃料元件破损实时监测中的影响因素进行了分析，干扰监测的主要因素为由＾１９Ｏ和＾１６Ｎ产生的γ光子，活化腐蚀产物的γ辐射，湮灭辐射以及ＮａＩ探测器周围铅屏蔽上由高能γ产生的ＰｂＸ射线，在一座压水反应堆的两次故障排除工作中，作者利用上述分析结果，对实时监测中产生的异常情况作了正确分析，并正确报判断了反应堆内元件的安全性。     

Development of Boundary Structures for Complex-Shaped Buildings

Over the past few years, the field of architecture has witnessed revolutionary changes in design. The recent completions of Frank O. Gehry’s projects brought unprecedented attention to complex-shaped, nonconventional design. In following these latest trends, the author has been drawn to the issue concerning the structural systems currently being adopted in realizing these complicated designs. It is perhaps inevitable that the traditional structural systems, comprised of structural elements suitable for use in conventional linear shapes, face tremendous challenges and limitations in building such complicated designs. In this context, this research consists of proposing a new alternative by employing “boundary structures with continuously changing curvature,” which follow the complex-curved envelope surface, as well as fabricating an experimental model made of polymer composite materials with computer-aided design/computer-aided engineering/computer-aided manufacturing technologies. Consequently, the study aims at offering architects unprecedented freedom in design and a new paradigm for realizing their creative ideas.     

镧的不同化合物对金属胎体/金刚石复合材料粘结性能的影响

在本文中 ,以不同化合物形式 (LaNi5 、La2 O3、La(NO3) 3)将稀土元素镧加入到铜基金属胎体中 ,测试了金属胎体 /金刚石复合材料的抗弯强度和粘结性能。研究表明 ,加入适量的LaNi5 可显著提高复合材料的强度和粘结性能 ;La2 O3对复合材料的强度和粘结性能影响不大 ;La(NO3) 3使得复合材料的强度和粘结性能显著降低。并对各化合物产生不同作用的机理进行了探讨。     

Preparation of redox fibers containing hydroxy‐alkyl amino groups and their adsorptive properties toward Au(III)

Three kinds of redox fibers (fibers II, III, and IV) are prepared by amination of the reactive chloromethylated poly(vinyl acetate) grafting polystyrene‐divinylbenzene fiber (fiber I) with diethanolamine, ethanolamine, or triethanolamine. The N‐content of the fibers is 2.26, 2.71, and 1.86 mmol g⁻¹, respectively. Results of static adsorption experiments show that the adsorption amount of fibers II, III, and IV toward Au(III) reaches 550 mg g⁻¹, 620 mg g⁻¹, and 409 mg g⁻¹, respectively, between pH 2.0 and pH 3.0. Some adsorbed Au(III) can be reduced to Au(0). The reduction percentage of Au(III) adsorbed by fiber II increases with rising pH value of the solution and can be as high as 87% at pH 5.0. The amount of Au(III) adsorbed by fiber II increases with solution temperature, but decreases with ionic strength of the solution. The adsorption amount of fibers II and III toward Au(III) is less in ethanol or in acetacetate medium than in water. Kinetic adsorption data indicates that 50 min is needed for fiber II to adsorb half of its saturate adsorption amount of Au(III). It was proved by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis determinations that the carbon atoms connecting with the hydroxy groups near the nitrogen atoms were easily oxidized into carbonyl ones during redox adsorption reaction of fibers II, III, and IV with Au(III). Some grains of gold adsorbed on fiber II were discovered under scanning electron microscopy. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 47–54, 1999     

离子色谱串联技术在渤海地区地层水测定中的应用

通过SY/T5523-2016《油田水分析》标准中推荐的方法,利用离子色谱电导检测器和阴离子分析柱测定F-、Cl-、NO2-、NO3-、Br-、SO42-、PO43-,阳离子分析柱测定Na+、K+、Mg2+、Ca2+、Ba2+、Sr2+等离子,该方法具有对样品预处理简便、分离速度快、灵敏度高、稳定性好等优点,对于渤海地区地层水样品分析量大的特点,该方法具有很好的选择性。将阴阳离子色谱串联起来,一次进样,阴阳离子成分同时被测定,相对于独立的离子色谱分析,该分析方法的速度提高了1倍。该技术为检测地层水中的各离子含量提供了一种高效、快速的方法。     

Range image denoising using a constrained local Gaussian model for 3D object query service in the smart space

A position and direction is a fundamental information for U-Business as an anywhere service. A mobile device camera image can increase an accuracy of the positioning, and a range image provides significant information in an occlusion scene. U-Business service queries the information with the range image for a precision position or a target object. We present a method for smoothing heavy noisy surfaces acquired by mobile 3D imaging devices to obtain the stable curvature. The smoothing is performed in a way that finds centers of probability distributions, which maximizes the likelihood of observed points with smooth constraints. The smooth constraints are derived from the unit tangent vector equality. This provides a way of obtaining smooth surfaces and stable curvatures. We achieve the smoothing by solving the regularized linear system. The unit tangent vector equality involves consideration of geometric symmetry, and it minimizes the variation of differential values that are a factor of curvatures. The proposed algorithm has two apparent advantages. The first thing is that the surfaces in a scene with various signals-to-noise ratio are smoothed, and then they can earn suitable curvatures. The second is that the proposed method works on heavy noisy surfaces, for example, a stereo camera image. Experiments on range images demonstrate that the proposed method yields the smooth surfaces from the input with various signals-to-noise ratio and the stable curvatures obtained from the smooth surfaces.     

“一带一路”澜湄区域国家通信发展与产品认证研究

调研了澜湄区域内国家通信发展基本状况,研究了泰国、越南等澜湄区域国家的通信产品的认证认可制度,为通信产品的贸易便利化提供基础研究信息,为我国通信企业实施“走出去”的战略目标提供有效的参考。     

海水铝-空气燃料电池

叙述了海水－铝空气燃料电池的特性及影响电池功率输出的主要因素，如海水的电导、盐度、温度、铝材料的选择等。试验结果表明，电池工作时正负极之间的液相电阻比海水本身的电阻小得多，但是其液相电阻仍然偏大。海水盐度和温度的变化引起电极电势波动，盐度影响占１０％左右。高纯铝合金电极工作电势比工业铝合金电极的工作电势高２００ｍＶ以上。