世界的可持续发展——科技与人——2005年卡塔尔第一届国际石油技术大会核心内容

第一届国际石油技术大会（IPTC）于2005年11月21日至23日在卡塔尔首都多哈召开。该届会议由美国石油地质学家协会（AAPG）、欧洲地球科学家和工程师协会（EAGE）、勘探和地球物理学家学会（SEG）和石油工程师学会（SPE）这四家当前油气行业最权威的学术和技术机构主办，是一次国际石油技术综合性会议。本次大会的主题是：“世界的可持续发展——科技与人”，旨在从科技与人力资源两个角度，探讨当前油气工业和世界能源供需所面临的机遇和挑战。会议包括了勘探、油藏、钻井、生产、天然气中游和人力资源等内容。大会吸引了来自油公司、国际组织、学术机构和资源国政府的一千多名与会者。     

37.5Gbit/s并行光发射模块的研制

制作并测试了12信道总传输速率为37.5Gbit/s的高速并行光发射模块,其中单信道传输速率为3.125Gbit/s.模块采用波长为850nm的垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)作为光源.耦合过程采用了一种利用倒装焊设备进行激光器阵列与列阵光纤之间的无源对准耦合的方法.在单信道8mA的工作电流下,可以得到3.125Gbit/s的清晰眼图.     

ITO与p型SiCGe的接触特性

利用直流磁控溅射系统在p型SiCGe和载玻片衬底上沉积ITO薄膜,并研究其ITO与p型SiCGe的接触特性与p型SiCGe制备条件、退火温度、退火时间的关系.结果表明:p型SiCGe制备条件的不同影响着退火使ITO/p型SiCGe的接触由线性变为非线性或者由非线性变为线性;随着退火温度的增加,接触电阻先减小后增加,这是由于退火过程中,接触界面层发生了反应以及接触势垒高度与宽度发生了变化造成的.当退火温度为500℃时,其接触电阻达到最小值,此时ITO薄膜的最高透过率高达90%,方块电阻为20.6Ω/□.     

Peripheral Nerve‐Derived Matrix Hydrogel Promotes Remyelination and Inhibits Synapse Formation

Regeneration of injured nerve tissues requires intricate interplay of complex processes like axon elongation, remyelination, and synaptic formation in a tissue‐specific manner. A decellularized nerve matrix‐gel (DNM‐G) and a decellularized spinal cord matrix‐gel (DSCM‐G) are prepared from porcine sciatic nerves and spinal cord tissue, respectively, to recapitulate the microenvironment cues unique to the native tissue functions. Using an in vitro dorsal root ganglion–Schwann cells coculture model and proteomics analysis, it is confirmed that DNM‐G promotes far stronger remyelination activity and reduces synapse formation of the regenerating axons in contrast to DSCM‐G, Matrigel, and collagen I, consistent with its tissue‐specific function. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that the lack of neurotrophic factors and presence of some axon inhibitory molecules may contribute to moderate axonal elongation activity, while laminin β2, Laminin γ1, collagens, and fibronectin in DNM‐G promote remyelination. These results confirm that DNM‐G is a promising matrix material for peripheral nerve repair. This study provides more insights into tissue‐specific extracellular matrix components correlating to biological functions supporting functional regeneration.     

Remote‐Loaded Platelet Vesicles for Disease‐Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics

The recent emergence of biomimetic nanotechnology has facilitated the development of next‐generation nanodelivery systems capable of enhanced biointerfacing. In particular, the direct use of natural cell membranes can enable multivalent targeting functionalities. Herein, this study reports on the remote loading of small molecule therapeutics into cholesterol‐enriched platelet membrane‐derived vesicles for disease‐targeted delivery. Using this approach, high loading yields for two model drugs, doxorubicin and vancomycin, are achieved. Leveraging the surface markers found on platelet membranes, the resultant nanoformulations demonstrate natural affinity toward both breast cancer cells and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo, this translates to improved disease targeting, increasing the potency of the encapsulated drug payloads compared with free drugs and the corresponding nontargeted nanoformulations. Overall, this work demonstrates that the remote loading of drugs into functional platelet membrane‐derived vesicles is a facile means of fabricating targeted nanoformulations, an approach that can be easily generalized to other cell types in the future.     

Seed‐Induced Vertical Growth of 2D Bi2O2Se Nanoplates by Chemical Vapor Transport

As two‐dimensional (2D) layered materials attract more attention owing to their unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties, there are persistent efforts to grow high‐quality 2D layered materials for fundamental research and device applications. While large‐area 2D layered materials with high crystal quality can be obtained through chemical vapor transport, the strong binding between 2D layered materials and substrates poses a significant challenge for attempts to reveal their intrinsic properties and to use these 2D building blocks for constructing advanced heterostructured devices. Therefore, it would be ideal to grow high‐quality 2D materials with minimized contact and binding with substrate. Through both calculation and experiment, it is demonstrated that by introducing a seed layer at the nucleation stage, the crystallographic disregistry and the corresponding adhesion energy between 2D materials and substrate can be altered, resulting in a change of crystal surface in contact with the substrate, and therefore vertical growth of 2D materials on substrates. As an example, it is demonstrated that with Bi₂O₃ serving as a seed layer, vertical growth of 2D plates of Bi₂O₂Se on mica substrates can be realized. These vertically grown 2D nanoplates of Bi₂O₂Se can be conveniently transferred with their thermal properties investigated for the first time.     

TGG晶体偏心生长研究

目前高功率全固态激光器急需使用大尺寸、高质量的铽镓石榴石晶体(Tb3Ga5O12,TGG)。采用提拉法生长(111)方向TGG晶体时,极易发生偏心生长,影响晶体质量与使用效率。针对偏心生长,通过分析TGG晶体组分挥发和熔体特性,解释了其形成机理,并提出了相应的解决方法,最后成功生长出外观完整(44 mm×70mm)的TGG晶体。通过对比圆柱状和螺旋状晶体透过率的不同,进一步解释了偏心生长的原因。     

基于DSP+CPLD的高精度信号发生器

介绍了基于直接数字式频率合成(DDS)原理的全数字信号发生器(DSP),利用DSP芯片快速、高精度的运算优势以及CPLD芯片灵活的编程逻辑、大容量存储功能的特点,采用通用可编程芯片以及数字波形合成技术,形成高稳定、高精度、高动态的数字合成信号.该信号发生器可产生0～25 kHz的正弦波、三角波和方波,输出电压峰峰值为0～5 V,频率步进1 Hz,幅度步进0.001 V.     

"时钟表示法"的应用

论述了“时钟表示法”在三相变压器联接组别和在其他方面的应用。其基本思想是,将选定作为参考的电动势始终指向时钟的“0”点,并将该电动势标号为数字0。再利用三相变压器电动势相位之间的关系。计算出变压器各电动势与参考电动势的相位差。这些相位差的值可以换算为时钟的标号。变压器各电动势之间的相位关系就可以通过时钟的标号直接简单计算了。这种方法的最大特点是简单、实用且不用画相量图。