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991.
The oxidation of acetaldehyde on carbon supported Pt/Vulcan, PtRu/Vulcan and Pt3Sn/Vulcan nanoparticle catalysts and, for comparison, on polycrystalline Pt and on an unsupported PtRu0.2 catalyst, was investigated under continuous reaction and continuous electrolyte flow conditions, employing electrochemical and quantitative differential electrochemical mass spectroscopy (DEMS) measurements. Product distribution and the effects of reaction potential and reactant concentration were investigated by potentiodynamic and potentiostatic measurements. Reaction transients, following both the Faradaic current as well as the CO2 related mass spectrometric intensity, revealed a very small current efficiency for CO2 formation of a few percent for 0.1 m acetaldehyde bulk oxidation under steady-state conditions on all three catalysts, the dominant oxidation product being acetic acid. Pt alloy catalysts showed a higher activity than Pt/Vulcan at lower potential (0.51 V), but do not lead to a better selectivity for complete oxidation to CO2. C–C bond breaking is rate limiting for complete oxidation at potentials with significant oxidation rates for all three catalysts. The data agree with a parallel pathway reaction mechanism, with formation and subsequent oxidation of COad and CH
x, ad species in the one pathway and partial oxidation to acetic acid in the other pathway, with the latter pathway being, by far, dominant under present reaction conditions. 相似文献
992.
Epoxy resin is chosen for our present study owing to its exceptional combination of properties such as easy processing, high safety, excellent solvent and chemical resistance, toughness, low shrinkage on cure, good electrical, mechanical and corrosion resistance with excellent adhesion to many substrates. This versatility in formulation made epoxy resins widely applied for surface coatings, adhesives, laminates, composites, potting, painting materials, encapsulant for semiconductor and insulating material for electric devices. There are numerous paint/coating systems based on epoxy resin available for corrosion and fouling prevention. They however are not completely satisfactory in field applications, where high corrosion, fouling and flame resistance are required. The demand for epoxy resin as corrosion/fouling resistant coatings is restricted mainly due to its inferior characteristics like poor impact strength, high rigidity, and moisture absorbing nature besides inadequate flame retardant properties. It is for this reason that silicones and phosphorus-based compounds are used as modifier in this work by intercrosslinking network mechanism (ICN) to obtain epoxy resin with desired properties ideally suitable for field applications for preventing corrosion and fouling with flame retardantancy. The present work involves the development of solvent free silicone/phosphorus modified epoxy coating systems, since solvent free coating systems are widely used for numerous applications due to their lower cost per unit film thickness, freedom from fire and pollution hazard and ability to provide better performance. For the development of coating systems, epoxy resin (X) serves as base material, hydroxyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (HTPDMS) as modifier, γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (γ-APS) as crosslinking agent and dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst. Polyamidoamine (A), aromatic amine adducts (B) and phosphorus-containing diamine (C) were used as curing agents. The study also describes the evaluation of corrosion resistant behaviour of unmodified epoxy and siliconized epoxy coatings by potentiodynamic polarization method, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), salt-spray and antifouling tests. The results are discussed. 相似文献
993.
Hongwu Xu Alexandra Navrotsky M. Lou Balmer Yali Su 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2002,85(5):1235-1242
The crystal structures for a suite of substituted pollucites with the compositions CsTi x Al1– x Si2 O6+0.5 x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, have been determined from Rietveld analysis of powder synchrotron XRD data. Our results indicate that the pollucite end member (CsAlSi2 O6 ) has a tetragonal structure (space group I 41 / a ), whereas all other compositions are cubic (space group Ia 3 d ). The increased symmetry for the titanium-substituted structures is presumably due to the incorporation of additional O2− anions (needed for compensating the charge imbalance between Ti4+ and Al3+ ), which effectively holds open the expanded cubic framework. In situ cooling experiments of the substituted phase CsTi0.1 Al0.9 Si2 O6.05 reveal a displacive transformation to the tetragonal structure at ∼230 K. This transformation is tricritical in nature and is analogous to the tetragonal-to-cubic transition in pollucite on heating. 相似文献
994.
Mechanical Properties of Porous Materials 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Porous materials are commonly found in nature and as industrial materials such as wood, carbon, foams, ceramics and bricks. In order to use them effectively, their mechanical properties must be understood in relation to their micro-structures. This paper studies the mechanical properties of a few common porous materials: carbon rods, ceramics, polymeric foams and bricks. The characterisation of pore structures was performed using a Mercury Porosimeter. Detailed information was obtained on the density, porosity, surface area and pore size distribution. A large number of experiments on either bending or compression were conducted in order to obtain their macro-mechanical properties such as Young's modulus, hardness and strength. Based on the experimental observations, theoretical models were employed to predict the macro-properties from the micromechanics viewpoint. By studying the deformation of pores the global behaviour was calculated. Two simple formulae for the elastic modulus, E, were proposed: for low values of porosity, , E = E0(1 – 2) (1 + 42) where E0 is the elastic modulus when the porosity is zero; for high value of porosity such as for foams E = E0 (1 – )2. The theoretical results agreed well with the experimental ones. The study has provided insights into the mechanical properties of porous materials over a wide range of porosity values. 相似文献
995.
996.
Soybean plant volatiles, extracted as steam distillates, significantly affected the behavior and biology of the cabbage looper,Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Distillates from the susceptible Davis variety attractedT. ni larvae and female adults, whereas those from resistant PI 227687 plants repelled them. When mixed in an artificial diet, steam distillates from PI 227687 plants caused mortality of first-instar larvae. Adults emerging from pupae topically treated with 5 g of such PI 227687 extractable showed developmental abnormalities. Larval feeding was significantly less on Davis leaves treated with PI 227687 volatiles as compared to solvent (acetone) or such Davis extractables. However, Davis volatiles on PI 227687 leaves did not increase larval feeding. HPLC analyses of steam distillates from susceptible Davis versus resistant PI 227687 indicated differences. 相似文献
997.
In this paper, the photocatalytic activity of industrial titanium dioxide (TiO2) based nacreous pigments was researched as functional building materials for photocatalytic NO remove. Three industrial TiO2 based nacreous pigments were selected to estimate the photocatalytic activity for NO remove. This study is a good proof that pearlescent pigments can eliminate NO, and its performance is positively correlated with its titanium dioxide content. And this research will widen the application of nacreous pigments in functional building materials, and provide a new way to eliminate in door nitric oxide pollution. 相似文献
998.
999.
S. J. Liao W. H. Hsieh James T. Wang Y. C. Su 《Polymer Engineering and Science》2004,44(11):2029-2040
This study demonstrates the successful use of back‐propagation artificial neural networks (BPANNs) in predicting the shrinkage and warpage of injection‐molded thin‐wall parts. The effects of structural parameters of a BPANN on the predictionaccuracy and the capability of a BPANN in determining the optimal process condition are also discussed. The training and testing data are obtained experimentally based on a Taguchi L27 (313) test schedule. The results show that the trained BPANN can successfully predict the shrinkage and warpage of injection‐molded thin‐wall parts. Comparing the prediction accuracies of the trained BPANN and C‐Mold software, it is noted that the trained BPANN predicts more accurately. In terms of determining the optimal process condition for minimizing the shrinkage and warpage of injected thin‐wall parts, the trained BPANN is also shown to give a better optimal process condition than Taguchi's method. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:2029–2040, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers. 相似文献
1000.
A CF3‐containing diamine, 4,4′‐bis(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethylphenoxy)benzophenone ( 2 ), was synthesized from 4,4′‐dihydroxybenzophenone and 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzotrifluoride. Imide‐containing diacids ( 3 and 5Ba – 5Bg ) were prepared by the condensation reaction of aromatic diamines and trimellitic anhydride. Then, two series of novel soluble aromatic poly(amide imide)s (PAIs; 6Aa – 6Ak and 6Ba – 6Bg ) were synthesized from a diamine ( 4Aa – 4Ak or 2 ) with the imide‐containing diacids ( 3 and 5Ba – 5Bg ) via direct polycondensation with triphenyl phosphate and pyridine. The aromatic PAIs had inherent viscosities of 0.74–1.76 dL/g. All of the synthesized polymers showed excellent solubility in amide‐type solvents, such as N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone and N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), and afforded transparent and tough films by DMAc solvent casting. These polymer films had tensile strengths of 90–113 MPa, elongations at break of 8–15%, and initial moduli of 2.0–2.9 GPa. The glass‐transition temperatures of the aromatic PAIs were in the range 242–279°C. They had 10% weight losses at temperatures above 500°C and showed excellent thermal stabilities. The 6B series exhibited less coloring and showed lower yellowness index values than the corresponding 6A series. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:3641–3653, 2006 相似文献